Lessons From the Pacific Islands - Adapting to Climate Change by Supporting Social and Ecological Resilience
Lessons From the Pacific Islands - Adapting to Climate Change by Supporting Social and Ecological Resilience
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00289
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发表时间：
2019-06-18
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Terk, Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mcleod, Elizabeth;Bruton-Adams, Mae;Terk, Elizabeth
太平洋岛屿必然成为创新中心，气候战略在这里进行试点和完善，为全球适应工作提供信息。太平洋岛屿的生态系统正在因污染、过度捕捞和不可持续发展而退化。它们还日益面临严重的气候影响，包括海平面上升、气温和降雨模式变化。这些影响导致粮食和水安全的变化、身份的丧失、气候引起的移民以及对主权的威胁。为此，该地区的社区正在主导气候适应战略，通常将传统做法与尖端科学相结合，以增强社区和生态系统应对日益增加的气候风险的能力。例如，社区正在利用现有的最佳科学手段实施具有复原力的海洋保护区网络，并加强部落治理来管理这些网络、试验耐盐和耐旱作物、用本土耐盐植物重新种植海岸线、振兴传统水井以及实施气候智能型发展计划。这些努力通常有助于当地发展优先事项，并为多个可持续发展目标 (SDG) 创造共同效益。这些社区努力正在通过省级和国家政策得到扩大，这些政策强化了生态系统在气候适应中发挥的关键作用，并为世界其他地区提供了榜样。虽然适应努力对于帮助社区应对气候影响至关重要，但在某些情况下，这些努力不足以解决气候影响的严重程度和当地发展需求。因此，气候适应存在固有的权衡和限制，移民是一些岛屿社区的最后手段。
By necessity, Pacific Islands have become hubs of innovation, where climate strategies are piloted and refined to inform adaptation efforts globally. Pacific Island ecosystems are being degraded by pollution, overfishing, and unsustainable development. They also increasingly face severe climate impacts including sea-level rise, changing temperature and rainfall patterns. These impacts result inchanges in food and water security, loss of identity, climate-induced migration and threats to sovereignty. In response, communities in the region are leading climate adaptation strategies, often combining traditional practices and cutting-edge science, to build the resilience of their communities and ecosystems in the face of increasing climate risk. For example, communities are implementing resilient networks of marine protected areas using the best available science and strengthening tribal governance to manage these networks, experimenting with salt and drought tolerant crops, revegetating coastlines with native salt-tolerant plants, revitalizing traditional wells, and implementing climate-smart development plans. Often these efforts contribute to local development priorities and create co-benefits for multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs). These community efforts are being scaled up through provincial and national policies that reinforce the critical role that ecosystems play in climate adaptation and provide a model for the rest of the world. While adaptation efforts are critical to help communities cope with climate impacts, in some cases, they will be insufficient to address the magnitude of climate impacts and local development needs. Thus, there are inherent trade-offs and limitations to climate adaptation with migration being the last resort for some island communities.