Production diseases of the transition cow
Production diseases of the transition cow
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.018
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Doherty, M. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mulligan, F. J.;Doherty, M. L.
奶牛的生产疾病是由奶牛的生产水平与营养摄入量不一致、提供的饮食不足、不合适的环境、不适当的饲养政策或这些因素的各种组合引起的。虽然产奶前3周到产后3周的过渡期与生产疾病的发病率高峰期相关，但这些疾病对奶牛健康和生产力的影响一直延伸到下一次哺乳。对生产疾病认识的最新进展包括丙二醇和瘤胃保护胆碱作为预防脂肪肝的首选补充剂的出现，以及在这种情况下在近距离干燥期日粮中增加能量密度的任何预防作用；无论尿液pH值或日粮DCAD所达到的目标水平，日粮阳离子阴离子差(DCAD)对乳热发病率的线性负面影响；与亚急性瘤胃酸中毒相关的炎症反应及其对饲料摄入量的影响；提高人们对抗氧化剂状态潜在的改善过渡期免疫力和健康的认识；制定更标准化的子宫感染诊断标准和治疗方案。大量的知识已经存在，这些知识应该能够对牛生产疾病进行最佳管理和预防。乳品业面临的重要挑战之一是制定、实施和经济评估预防奶牛生产疾病和其他疾病的实用、综合、最佳实践蓝图。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Production diseases of the dairy cow are caused by a level of production inconsistent with nutrient intake, provision of an inadequate diet, an unsuitable environment, an inappropriate breeding policy or various combinations of these factors. Although the transition period of 3 weeks pre-calving until 3 weeks post-calving is associated with a peak incidence of production disease, the effects of these diseases on dairy cow health and productivity extend far into the following lactation. Recent advances in understanding of production diseases include the emergence of propylene glycol and rumen protected choline as the supplements of choice for preventing fatty liver and the absence of any preventative effect of increased energy density in the close-up dry period diet on this condition; the linear negative influence of dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on the incidence of milk fever regardless of urinary pH or the target level of dietary DCAD achieved; the inflammatory response associated with subacute rumen acidosis and its effect on feed intake; an increased awareness of the potential for antioxidant status to improve immunity and health in the transition period; the development of more standardised diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for uterine infection. A significant body of knowledge already exists which should allow for the optimal management and prevention of bovine production diseases. One of the important challenges facing the dairy industry is the development, implementation and economic assessment of practical, integrated, blueprints of best practice for prevention of the production diseases and other diseases of the dairy cow. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.