Heterogenous Impacts of China's Economic and Development Zone Program
Heterogenous Impacts of China's Economic and Development Zone Program
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3227125
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anthony Howell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anthony Howell
本文对中国经济开发区与现有大样本企业生产率之间的因果关系进行了实证研究。我考虑到了两种流行类型的开发区--经济技术开发区(ETDZ)和高科技开发区(HTDZ)--可能存在的不同选择机制，依赖于多个治疗倾向得分匹配技术。将差分估计应用于匹配样本，主要发现如下。首先，与非目标公司相比，新的HTDZ在自贸区成立后的五年内将现有公司的生产率提高了20.8%，而新ETDZ中现有公司的生产率提高了16.2%。第二，与非目标公司相比，生产率较低的公司从新的ETDZ(或HTDZ)的创建中获益较少，至少在一开始是这样，但随后会在以后几年表现出更大的学习效应。第三，位于当地产业关联度较高的地区最初会增加这两类开发区的生产率溢出幅度，这是因为更容易获得投入-产出联系、劳动力汇集和知识溢出。这些发现表明，以空间为目标的企业的生产率溢出规模因开发区的战略发展和政策目标以及企业自身的特征和地理位置而有很大差异。
This paper evaluates the causal relationship between economic and development zones (EDZs) and the productivity of a large sample of incumbent firms in China. I take into account possible different selection mechanisms across two popular types of EDZs – economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) and high-tech development zones (HTDZs) – by relying on multiple treatment propensity scores matching techniques. Applying a difference-in-differences estimator to the matched sample, the main findings are as follows. First, compared to non-targeted firms, a new HTDZ increase productivity gains, on average, of up to 20.8% for incumbent firms in the five years after the zone was created, compared to 16.2% for incumbent firms in a new ETDZ. Second, compared to non-targeted firms, lower productivity firms benefit less compared to their higher productivity counterparts from the creation of a new ETDZ (or HTDZ), at least initially, but subsequently go on to exhibit larger learning effects in later years. Third, being located in an area with a higher local industrial relatedness initially increases the magnitude of productivity spillovers in both types of EDZs, due to better access to input-output linkages, labor pooling and knowledge spillovers. These findings suggest that the size of productivity spillovers for spatially targeted firms differ quite significantly depending on the strategic development and policy goals of the EDZ, as well as by the firm’s own characteristics and location.