THE SUPPORT OF AUTONOMY AND THE CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR
THE SUPPORT OF AUTONOMY AND THE CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1024
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发表时间：
1987-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
RYAN, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DECI, EL;RYAN, RM
在本文中，我们认为，与意图行为的启动和调节相关的事件和语境既可以支持自主(即促进选择)，也可以控制行为(即向特定结果施压)。这里回顾的研究表明，这种区别与特定的外部事件和一般的人际环境有关，也与特定的内部事件和一般的人格取向有关。也就是说，无论一个人的分析集中在社会心理变量还是人格变量上，这一区别都是相关的。研究综述详细说明了那些倾向于促进自主性的背景因素和个人因素，以及那些倾向于控制的因素。此外，研究还表明，与控制组相比，自主性支持通常与更多的内在动机、更大的兴趣、更少的压力和紧张、更多的创造力、更多的认知灵活性、更好的概念学习、更积极的情绪基调、更高的自尊、更多的信任、更多的行为变化的坚持性以及更好的身心健康有关。此外，这些结果在不同的评估程序、不同的研究方法和不同的受试者群体中汇聚在一起。在这些结果的基础上，我们提出了一个组织学的观点，在这个观点中，我们认为意图行为的调节是沿着一个连续体从自主(即，自主)到受控的。讨论了这种组织观点与经验心理学的历史发展的关系，特别强调了它对社会心理学和人格研究的影响。
In this article we suggest that events and contexts relevant to the initiation and regulation of intentional behavior can function either to support autonomy (ie, to promote choice) or to control behavior (ie, to pressure one toward specific outcomes). Research herein reviewed indicates that this distinction is relevant to specific external events and to general interpersonal contexts as well as to specific internal events and to general personality orientations. That is, the distinction is relevant whether one’s analysis focuses on social psychological variables or on personality variables. The research review details those contextual and person factors that tend to promote autonomy and those that tend to control. Furthermore, it shows that autonomy support has generally been associated with more intrinsic motivation, greater interest, less pressure and tension, more creativity, more cognitive flexibility, better conceptual learning, a more positive emotional tone, higher self-esteem, more trust, greater persistence of behavior change, and better physical and psychological health than has control. Also, these results have converged across different assessment procedures, different research methods, and different subject populations. On the basis of these results, we present an organismic perspective in which we argue that the regulation of intentional behavior varies along a continuum from autonomous (ie, self-determined) to controlled. The relation of this organismic perspective to historical developments in empirical psychology is discussed, with a particular emphasis on its implications for the study of social psychology and personality.