Epistemic Objects, Artefacts and Organizational Change
Epistemic Objects, Artefacts and Organizational Change
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认知对象、人工制品和组织变革
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jaakko Virkkunen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reijo Miettinen;Jaakko Virkkunen
新制度组织研究的一个关键概念是常规——一种既定的、受规则约束的行动模式。当用于理解组织和机构中新实践或变化的出现时，例行公事的概念会产生困难。这有两个原因。首先，例行公事最初是为了保证组织生活的连续性而引入的。其次，它基于行动和行为理论，专门关注人类实践的前反思和具体化方面。本文通过使用人类活动的认知对象和人工制品中介的概念来寻求替代方法。它认为，代表性的人工制品，例如概念和模型，有助于引发人类实践的变化。以职业健康和安全检查员的工作为例，展示了如何将一种实践或一组例行程序纳入调查对象，以便为替代实践生成工作假设。通过设计一套进行新实践的信息工具和程序，该假设进一步客观化。
One of the key concepts of the neo-institutional studies of organizations has been routine—an established, rule-governed pattern of action. The concept of routine creates difficulties when used for making sense of the emergence of new practices or change in organizations and institutions. There are two reasons for this. First, routine was introduced originally to account for the continuity of organizational life. Second, it is based on theories of action and behaviour that focus exclusively on the pre-reflective and embodied aspects of human practice. This paper seeks an alternative approach by using the concepts of epistemic object and artefact mediation of human activity. It argues that representational artefacts, such as concepts and models, are instrumental in inducing change in human practices. Using the work of occupational health and safety inspectors as an example, it is shown how a practice or set of routines is made into an object of enquiry in order to generate a working hypothesis for an alternative practice. The hypothesis is further objectified by designing a set of informational tools and procedures that carry on the new practice.