Using aquatic animals as partners to increase yield and maintain soil nitrogen in the paddy ecosystems.
Using aquatic animals as partners to increase yield and maintain soil nitrogen in the paddy ecosystems.
复制标题
利用水生动物作为合作伙伴，提高水稻生态系统的产量并维持土壤氮
作者：
Guo L;Zhao L;Ye J;Ji Z;Tang JJ;Bai K;Zheng S;Hu L;Chen X
物种共育是否能克服作物单一栽培的缺点还需要进一步的研究。在这里，我们展示了水生动物（即鲤鱼，螃蟹和软壳龟）如何与水稻共育时，有利于水稻生态系统。进行了三个单独的田间实验和三个单独的围隔实验。每个实验包括水稻单作（RM）处理和水稻-水生动物（RA）共培养处理; RA包括水生动物的饲料添加。在田间试验中，水稻产量高于RA与RM，RA也产生了水生动物的产量，平均0.52-2.57吨公顷-1。与其相应的RM相比，三种RA具有显着更高的表观氮（N）利用效率和较低的杂草侵扰，而土壤N含量随时间的推移是稳定的。基于13 C和15 N的膳食重建分析表明，16.0-50.2%的水生动物性食物来自稻田中的天然生物。稳定同位素（13 C）标记的田间试验表明，有机质的分解速率与RA大于RM。15 N同位素示踪结果表明，水稻对水生动物饲料氮的利用率为13.0-35.1%。所有这些结果表明，水稻水生动物共育增加粮食产量，提高氮的利用效率，并保持土壤中的氮含量，减少杂草，促进分解和补充氮的使用。我们的研究支持这样的观点，即增加物种的单作可以提高农业生态系统功能。
Whether species coculture can overcome the shortcomings of crop monoculture requires additional study. Here, we show how aquatic animals (i.e. carp, crabs, and softshell turtles) benefit paddy ecosystems when cocultured with rice. Three separate field experiments and three separate mesocosm experiments were conducted. Each experiment included a rice monoculture (RM) treatment and a rice-aquatic animal (RA) coculture treatment; RA included feed addition for aquatic animals. In the field experiments, rice yield was higher with RA than with RM, and RA also produced aquatic animal yields that averaged 0.52–2.57 t ha-1. Compared to their corresponding RMs, the three RAs had significantly higher apparent nitrogen (N)-use efficiency and lower weed infestation, while soil N contents were stable over time. Dietary reconstruction analysis based on 13C and 15N showed that 16.0–50.2% of aquatic animal foods were from naturally occurring organisms in the rice fields. Stable-isotope-labeling (13C) in the field experiments indicated that the organic matter decomposition rate was greater with RA than with RM. Isotope 15N labeling in the mesocosm experiments indicated that rice used 13.0–35.1% of the aquatic animal feed-N. All these results suggest that rice-aquatic animal coculture increases food production, increases N-use efficiency, and maintains soil N content by reducing weeds and promoting decomposition and complementary N use. Our study supports the view that adding species to monocultures may enhance agroecosystem functions.