Effects of Diversified Cropping Sequences and Tillage Practices on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Associated Fractions in the North China Plain
Effects of Diversified Cropping Sequences and Tillage Practices on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Associated Fractions in the North China Plain
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DOI：
10.1007/s42729-021-00433-z
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发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. L. Virk;Wen-Sheng Liu;Jianbiao Niu;Cheng-Tang Xu;Qiu-Yue Liu;Zhengrong Kan;Xin Zhao;Hailin Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. L. Virk;Wen-Sheng Liu;Jianbiao Niu;Cheng-Tang Xu;Qiu-Yue Liu;Zhengrong Kan;Xin Zhao;Hailin Zhang
与土壤有机碳(SOC)、氮(N)及其相关组分有关的信息有限，特别是在结合耕作制度的多样化种植序列中。为此，通过田间试验研究了不同耕作方式和不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、氮及相关形态的影响。试验由两个因素组成，即(I)耕作制度：免耕(NT)和旋耕(RT)；(Ii)种植顺序：小麦-大豆-小麦-玉米(WSWM)；小麦-玉米-小麦-大豆(WMWS)；小麦-大豆-小麦-大豆(WS)；和小麦-玉米-小麦-玉米(WM)。耕作制度主要影响土壤表层土壤有机碳、氮素及其伴生组分的分布，而耕作方式对全土层(0~50 cm)土壤有机碳、氮素及其伴生组分的影响不同。结果表明，在0-10-(高17%)和20-30 cm(高19%)两个土层，免耕土壤有机碳含量显著高于反耕土壤。在0-10 cm土层，免耕显著高于反耕，但在10-20 cm土层，免耕显著高于翻耕，氮素积累量显著高于翻耕。颗粒有机碳(POC)在0~10 cm土层WM最高，WS轮作最低，而耕作对0~30 cm土层POC分布影响不大。同样，在大豆种植序列中，颗粒有机氮(PON)仅在0-10 cm土层中显著较高。其他一些组分，如溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解有机氮(DON)，在0-30 cm和0-20 cm土层分别高于大豆种植序列。在0-10 cm和10-20 cm土层，免耕条件下矿质有机碳(MAOC)也分别比对照增加了28%和34%(p<； 0.05)。在轮作序列比较的情况下，WSWM在10-20 cm土层的有机碳含量比其他三种轮作序列高30%。值得注意的是，在0-10 cm土层，豆科作物种植序列(WSWM、WMWS和WS)与WM种植序列相比，N含量分别增加了9%、15%和22%，矿质相关有机氮(MAON)分别增加了12%、15%和17.5%。土壤有机碳和全氮及其各组分在20-50 cm土层通过耕作和种植顺序重新分配。然而，土壤有机碳储量只受耕作制度的影响(免耕比反耕高10%)，而不受耕作顺序的影响。但WMWS和WS种植序列的氮素储量分别显著高于WSWM和WM种植序列的11%和10%。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，在北中国平原，NT，特别是大豆，可能是一种适合于固着SOC和N的做法。
Limited information is available related to soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and their associated fractions, especially in diversified cropping sequences with a combination of tillage systems. Therefore, a field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cropping sequences and tillage systems on SOC and N and associated fractions. The experiment was comprised of two factors, i.e., (i) tillage systems: no tillage (NT) and rotary tillage (RT), and (ii) cropping sequences: wheat-soybean-wheat-maize (WSWM); wheat-maize-wheat-soybean (WMWS); wheat-soybean-wheat-soybean (WS); and wheat-maize-wheat-maize (WM). Tillage systems influenced the distribution of SOC and N and their associated fractions mainly at topsoil depth rather than deep soil, while cropping sequences affected SOC and N and their associated fractions differently in the whole soil sampling depth (0–50 cm). The results showed that NT had significantly higher SOC concentrations than RT at the 0–10- (17% higher) and 20–30-cm (19% higher) soil layers. Similarly, NT had 17% significantly higher N contents than RT at the 0–10-cm soil layer, but RT had 21% significantly higher N accumulation at the 10–20-cm soil layer. The particulate organic carbon (POC) was highest in WM and lowest in WS cropping sequence at 0–10-cm soil depth, while tillage did not affect POC distribution at 0–30-cm soil depth. Similarly, particulate organic nitrogen (PON) was significantly higher in soybean-included cropping sequences only at 0–10-cm soil depth. Some other fractions, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), were higher in soybean-included cropping sequences at 0–30- and 0–20-cm soil depths respectively. Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) also increased by 28% and 34% (p< 0.05) under NT compared to RT at the 0–10- and 10–20-cm soil layers, respectively. In the case of cropping sequence comparison, WSWM had 30% higher SOC at the 10–20-cm soil layer than the other three cropping sequences. Notably, legume-included cropping sequences (WSWM, WMWS, WS) significantly increased N contents by 9%, 15%, and 22% and mineral-associated organic nitrogen (MAON) by 12%, 15%, and 17.5%, respectively, compared to the WM cropping sequence at the 0–10-cm soil layer. SOC and TN and their fractions were redistributed by tillage and cropping sequences at 20–50-cm soil layers. However, SOC stock was only affected by tillage systems (NT had 10% higher than RT) rather than cropping sequences. But WMWS and WS cropping sequences had 11% and 10% significantly higher N stock than WSWM and WM sequences, respectively. Overall, our findings suggested that NT especially with soybean could be a suitable practice to sequester SOC and N in the North China Plain.