Development of the method and U.S. normalization database for Life Cycle Impact Assessment and sustainability metrics
Development of the method and U.S. normalization database for Life Cycle Impact Assessment and sustainability metrics
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DOI：
10.1021/es052494b
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发表时间：
2006-08-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Norris, Gregory
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bare, Jane;Gloria, Thomas;Norris, Gregory
正常化是生命周期影响评估中的一个可选步骤，可用于协助解释生命周期清单数据以及生命周期影响评估结果。归一化将LCI和LCIA结果的大小转换为按物质和生命周期影响类别的相对贡献。因此，当存在权衡时，标准化可以显著影响基于LCA的决策。美国环境保护署(EPA)开发了一个基于美国大陆48个州、夏威夷、阿拉斯加、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各的空间尺度的标准化数据库，参考时间框架为一年。标准化数据库内的数据是根据环境保护局减少和评估化学和其他环境影响的工具TRACI中使用的影响方法和应激源清单编制的。本文中发布的新的标准化数据库可用于美国国内的LCIA案例研究，并可用于协助进一步开发全球标准化数据库。包括为开发该数据库而分析的基础数据，以便能够开发与其他影响评估方法相一致的标准化数据。
Normalization is an optional step within Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) that may be used to assist in the interpretation of life cycle inventory data as well as life cycle impact assessment results. Normalization transforms the magnitude of LCI and LCIA results into relative contribution by substance and life cycle impact category. Normalization thus can significantly influence LCA-based decisions when tradeoffs exist. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a normalization database based on the spatial scale of the 48 continental U.S. states, Hawaii, Alaska, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico with a one-year reference time frame. Data within the normalization database were compiled based on the impact methodologies and lists of stressors used in TRACI-the EPA's Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts. The new normalization database published within this article may be used for LCIA case studies within the United States, and can be used to assist in the further development of a global normalization database. The underlying data analyzed for the development of this database are included to allow the development of normalization data consistent with other impact assessment methodologies as well.