Experimental Urethral Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Experimental Urethral Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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淋病奈瑟菌实验性尿道感染。
DOI：
10.1007/82_2021_250
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发表时间：
2022-03-05
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hobbs, Marcia M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Waltmann, Andreea;Duncan, Joseph A;Pier, Gerald B;Cywes-Bentley, Colette;Cohen, Myron S;Hobbs, Marcia M
淋病发病率和抗生素耐药性都在增加。淋病奈瑟氏菌 (Ng) 是一种人类特有的病原体，并且能够很好地适应其自然宿主。 Ng 可以破坏免疫反应并经历频繁的抗原变异，导致免疫力和防止再次感染的保护有限。此前的淋球菌疫苗努力基本上不成功，最后一次在人体中测试的疫苗已经是 35 年前的事了。技术的进步和无法治愈的淋病的威胁促使人们重新寻求疫苗作为淋病控制的长期可持续解决方案。尽管二十年前就开发出了生殖器淋球菌感染的雌性小鼠模型，但免疫或保护的相关性在很大程度上仍然未知，这使得淋球菌成为具有挑战性的疫苗目标。淋病受控人尿道感染模型（Ng CHIM）已用于研究淋球菌发病机制和抗淋球菌免疫基础。超过 200 名参与者已接种疫苗，没有发生严重不良事件。 Ng CHIM 复制了尿道感染的早期自然过程。我们现在正处于一个转折点，需要利用疫苗测试模型来解决改善淋病控制的紧迫性。在此，我们讨论淋病疫苗的需求，以及 Ng CHIM 在加速淋病疫苗开发方面的优势和局限性。
Gonorrhea rates and antibiotic resistance are both increasing. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is an exclusively human pathogen and is exquisitely adapted to its natural host. Ng can subvert immune responses and undergoes frequent antigenic variation, resulting in limited immunity and protection from reinfection. Previous gonococcal vaccine efforts have been largely unsuccessful, and the last vaccine to be tested in humans was more than 35 years ago. Advancing technologies and the threat of untreatable gonorrhea have fueled renewed pursuit of a vaccine as a long-term sustainable solution for gonorrhea control. Despite the development of a female mouse model of genital gonococcal infection two decades ago, correlates of immunity or protection remain largely unknown, making the gonococcus a challenging vaccine target. The controlled human urethral infection model of gonorrhea (Ng CHIM) has been used to study gonococcal pathogenesis and the basis of anti-gonococcal immunity. Over 200 participants have been inoculated without serious adverse events. The Ng CHIM replicates the early natural course of urethral infection. We are now at an inflexion point to pivot the use of the model for vaccine testing to address the urgency of improved gonorrhea control. Herein we discuss the need for gonorrhea vaccines, and the advantages and limitations of the Ng CHIM in accelerating the development of gonorrhea vaccines.