Well-to-wheel analysis on greenhouse gas emission and energy use with natural gas in Korea
Well-to-wheel analysis on greenhouse gas emission and energy use with natural gas in Korea
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DOI：
10.1007/s11367-014-0704-7
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Choi;H. Song
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Choi;H. Song
在韩国，天然气被广泛用于城市燃气、发电燃料和交通运输燃料（如城市巴士）。然而，在韩国，天然气的使用对环境的影响并没有得到重视。在这项研究中，通过考虑从原料回收到车辆最终使用的每一步，对韩国天然气相关的温室气体（GHG）排放和能源使用进行了井到轮（WTW）分析。方法分析使用的原始数据主要由韩国天然气行业及相关协会提供。文献调查法还收集了其他资料，特别是国外的工艺资料。我们采用了美国Argonne国家实验室开发的GREET（温室气体、管制排放和运输中的能源使用）模型作为基本的WTW分析工具。但是，韩国使用的天然气中，99%是以液化天然气（LNG）的形式从海外进口的，因此对天然气的WTW分析结果与美国相差甚远。因此，根据韩国的情况，对GREET中的详细参数进行了更改，特别是对液化、LNG运输和储存以及再气化过程进行了重大修改。结果与讨论根据分析结果，计算出城市燃气和压缩天然气从井到泵的温室气体排放量分别为25,717-30,178和28,903-33,422 g CO2eq。/ GJFianl_fuel,分别。以压缩天然气为燃料的城市公交车的WTW温室气体排放量计算为每公里1,348-1,417克二氧化碳当量。这些数值相对大于美国，因为美国使用的大部分天然气都是以气态的方式通过管道运输的，与韩国进口液化天然气相比，这通常需要更少的能源和相关的温室气体排放。最后，对参数进行敏感性分析，这些参数要么存在不同来源之间的取值范围，要么由于缺乏准确的信息而存在不确定性。结论进一步研究天然气加工过程中co2排放、韩国ch4泄漏和开采过程中ch4泄漏三个参数，有助于进一步提高分析的整体准确性。
PurposeIn Korea, natural gas is widely used as city gas, fuel for electricity generation, and fuel for transportation (e.g., city bus). However, the environmental impact associated with the use of natural gas in Korea has not been paid much attention to. In this study, well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy uses associated with natural gas in Korea was performed by considering every step from feedstock recovery to final use in the vehicle operation.MethodsThe raw data used in the analysis were mainly provided by Korean natural gas industry and related associations. The additional information, especially for the processes in foreign countries, was also collected by literature survey. We adopted the GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) model as a base WTW analysis tool, which was developed by the U.S. Argonne National Laboratory. However, the WTW analysis on natural gas in Korea is far different from that of the U.S, because ~99 % of natural gas used in Korea is imported from the oversea countries in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG). For this reason, detailed parameters in GREET were changed for Korean situation, and especially, significant modifications were made on liquefaction, LNG transportation and storage, and re-gasification processes.Results and discussionAs a result of the analysis, the well-to-pump GHG emissions of city gas and compressed natural gas are calculated as 25,717–30,178 and 28,903–33,422 g CO2eq./GJFianl_fuel, respectively. The WTW GHG emission of compressed-natural-gas-fueled city bus is calculated as 1,348–1,417 g CO2eq./km. These values are relatively larger than those of the U.S., because most of the natural gas used in the U.S. is transported by pipeline in a gaseous state, which typically takes less energy and associated GHG emissions, as compared to the import of LNG in Korea. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed on the parameters, which have either range of values among various sources or uncertainties due to lack of accurate information.ConclusionsThe results show that further investigation on three parameters, i.e., CO2venting during natural gas processing, CH4leakage in Korea, and CH4leakage during recovery process, would be helpful to further improve overall accuracy of the analysis.