Studies of Mascarene Island birds: The fossil record
Studies of Mascarene Island birds: The fossil record
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511735769.004
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发表时间：
1987-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Cowles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Cowles
第1章概述了马斯卡林岛许多特有鸟类灭绝的程度，可能是在人类到达该岛后的300年内。目前已知有30种灭绝物种（考尔斯出版），但其中只有5种是从世界各地的博物馆和机构保存的皮肤中发现的。其中四个物种，即留尼汪蓝鸽Alectroenas nitidissima，留尼汪Mascarinus mascarinus的Mascarene鹦鹉，罗德里格斯鹦鹉Psittacula exsul和有争议的Leguat's Starling Necropsar（Orphanopsar）leguati（地点不明），总共只有八张皮。留尼旺凤头椋鸟Fregilupus varius的代表性更好的是24-25张皮，全部由Hachisuka（1953）记录，尽管今天存活的更少（第1章）。剩下的25个灭绝物种仅从三个岛屿上洞穴和沉积物中发现的化石骨骼中得知。在数量上，这些范围远远超过200个元素，其中包括罗德里格斯的纸牌，也许还有毛里求斯的渡渡鸟，但不幸的是，其余物种的骨骼或骨骼碎片很少。在某些情况下，根据骨学证据进行的身份鉴定得到了世纪前往群岛的航海者的期刊中的实地描述和插图的证实。对早期鸟类学历史有显著贡献的游客有1691年在罗德里格斯岛的莱瓜特（Leguat，1708年）、1671- 1672年在留尼汪岛的杜波依斯（Dubois，1674年）和1598或1599年在毛里求斯岛的货车颈（Van Neck，1598年或1599年）（参见斯特里克兰，1848年）。其他的航海者由Hachisuka（1953）和Cheke（第1章）列出。这些对岛上植物群和动物群的简要描述是由几乎没有鸟类学知识的人汇编的，但它们确实提供了岛上丢失的鸟类区系的最有价值的历史记录。
Chapter 1 has outlined the extent to which many endemic Mascarene Island birds have become extinct, probably during the last 300 years since man arrived on the islands. Thirty extinct species are recognised today (Cowles in press), but of these only five are known from skins preserved in museums and institutions throughout the world. Four of these species, the Mauritian Blue Pigeon Alectroenas nitidissima , the Mascarene Parrot from Reunion Mascarinus mascarinus , the Rodrigues Parakeet Psittacula exsul and the contentious Leguat's Starling Necropsar (Orphanopsar) leguati of unknown locality, are represented by a total of only eight skins. The Reunion Crested Starling Fregilupus varius was better represented by 24-25 skins, all documented by Hachisuka (1953), although fewer survive today (Chapter 1). The remaining 25 extinct species are known only from fossil bones discovered in caverns and deposits on the three islands. In number these range to well over 200 elements for the better known Solitaire of Rodrigues Pezophaps solitaria and perhaps the Mauritius Dodo Raphus cucullatus , but the remaining species are unfortunately known from very few bones or bone fragments. Identifications based on the osteological evidence are in some instances substantiated by field descriptions and illustrations in journals of seventeenth- century voyagers to the islands. The visitors who added notably to early ornithological history were Leguat (1708), on Rodrigues in 1691, Dubois (1674), on Reunion 1671-2, and Van Neck, on Mauritius 1598 or 1599 (see Strickland 1848). The other voyagers were listed by Hachisuka (1953) and Cheke (Chapter 1). These brief accounts of the flora and fauna of the islands were compiled by people with little ornithological knowledge, but they do provide a most valuable and historical record of the lost avifauna of the islands.