Programmed DNA elimination of germline development genes in songbirds
Programmed DNA elimination of germline development genes in songbirds
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-019-13427-4
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发表时间：
2019-11-29
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Suh, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kinsella, Cormac M.;Ruiz-Ruano, Francisco J.;Suh, Alexander
在一些真核生物中，生殖细胞和体细胞基因组在组成上有很大差异。在这里，我们讨论了一个主要的生殖细胞限制染色体（GRC）在鸣禽体细胞相异所造成的。我们发现斑胸草雀GRC在18个常染色体和Z染色体上含有>115个与单拷贝基因旁系同源的基因，并且富含与雌性性腺发育有关的基因。许多基因可能是功能性的，通过在RNA和蛋白质水平上在睾丸和卵巢中的表达来证明。利用比较基因组学，我们发现，在数百万年的进化过程中，基因已经被添加到GRC中，胚胎发育基因bicc1和trim71可以追溯到鸣禽的祖先，还有几十个其他基因是最近添加的。体细胞消除这种进化动态染色体鸣禽意味着一种独特的机制，以尽量减少生殖细胞和索马，有关拮抗多效性，衰老和性特征的进化过程之间的遗传冲突。
In some eukaryotes, germline and somatic genomes differ dramatically in their composition. Here we characterise a major germline-soma dissimilarity caused by a germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) in songbirds. We show that the zebra finch GRC contains >115 genes paralogous to single-copy genes on 18 autosomes and the Z chromosome, and is enriched in genes involved in female gonad development. Many genes are likely functional, evidenced by expression in testes and ovaries at the RNA and protein level. Using comparative genomics, we show that genes have been added to the GRC over millions of years of evolution, with embryonic development genes bicc1 and trim71 dating to the ancestor of songbirds and dozens of other genes added very recently. The somatic elimination of this evolutionarily dynamic chromosome in songbirds implies a unique mechanism to minimise genetic conflict between germline and soma, relevant to antagonistic pleiotropy, an evolutionary process underlying ageing and sexual traits.