Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth
Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12144-021-02141-4
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Marusak, Hilary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borg, Breanna A.;Rabinak, Christine A.;Marusak, Hilary A.
与非城市居民相比，城市居民受到暴力侵害和心理健康后果的影响不成比例。本研究审查了城市和非城市青年中暴力暴露的普遍性及其相关的心理健康后果。城市参与者来自密歇根州底特律市，这座城市在过去十年的大部分时间里都是美国最暴力的大城市之一，参与者包括32名底特律青年和32名从周围非城市地区招募的青年，年龄（M = 10.4 +/- 2.8岁）和性别（49%男性）匹配。青少年完成了暴力暴露，焦虑和抑郁症状的有效措施。城市青年比非城市青年报告了更多的暴力暴露，包括听到枪声（分别为69%和19%），目睹枪击（分别为24%和6%）和目睹逮捕（分别为58%和27%）。总体而言，更多的暴力暴露与更多的焦虑症状有关，特别是在城市青年中。虽然暴力暴露与总体抑郁症状无关，但城市青年的抑郁症状明显高于非城市青年。暴露于特定的暴力类型，特别是听到枪声，与城市青年而非非城市青年的焦虑和抑郁症状有关。被殴打预示着非城市青年的抑郁症状，而不是城市青年。家庭收入和社区压力并不能预测心理健康结果。总的来说，城市青年比非城市青年更容易遭受暴力，特别是火器暴力，以及相关的心理健康问题。需要采取有针对性的全社区举措，防止暴力，并查明暴露于暴力的青年，以改善高危社区的心理健康。
Urban residents are disproportionately affected by violence exposure and mental health consequences as compared to non-urban residents. The present study examined the prevalence of violence exposure and associated mental health consequences among urban and non-urban youth. Urban participants were drawn from Detroit, Michigan, a city that has led the nation for most of the last decade as one of the most violent big cities in the U.S. Participants included 32 Detroit youth and 32 youth recruited from the surrounding non-urban areas, matched on age (M = 10.4 +/- 2.8 years) and sex (49% male). Youth completed validated measures of violence exposure, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Urban youth reported more violence exposures than their non-urban counterparts, including hearing gunshots (69% vs. 19%, respectively), witnessing a shooting (24% vs. 6%), and witnessing an arrest (58% vs. 27%). Overall, greater violence exposure was associated with more anxiety symptoms, particularly among urban youth. Although violence exposure was not associated with depressive symptoms overall, urban youth reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than non-urban youth. Exposure to specific violence types, particularly hearing gunshots, was associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms among urban but not non-urban youth. Being beat up predicted depressive symptoms among non-urban but not urban youth. Household income and community distress did not predict mental health outcomes. Taken together, urban youth have more exposure to violence, particularly firearm violence, and associated mental health problems than their non-urban counterparts. Targeted community-wide initiatives to prevent violence and identify exposed youth are needed to improve mental health in at-risk communities.