Microdroplet testing for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -D antigens. The Phillip Levine Award Lecture.
Microdroplet testing for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -D antigens. The Phillip Levine Award Lecture.
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HLA-A、-B、-C 和 -D 抗原的微滴测试。
DOI：
10.1093/ajcp/69.2.103
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Yuichi Iwaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. I. Terasaki;Domenico Bernoco;Min S. Park;Gungor Ozturk;Yuichi Iwaki
微滴淋巴细胞毒性试验是公认的HLA抗原测定的标准试验。根据作者对160 000人的测试，对测试的技术细节进行了更新。提供了试验的质量控制方法以及重现性数据。特异性的国际标准化已经通过七个国际研讨会和一个连续的细胞交换完成，自1974年以来，多达180个实验室测试了108个细胞。该测试最近已成为适用于检测HLA-D决定簇，以前被认为是只能通过淋巴细胞测定（LD）测试检测。使纯化的外周血淋巴细胞与去除了HLA-A、-B和-C抗体的抗血清反应。Coulter计数器测定发现B淋巴细胞小于T淋巴细胞。如126份供试品产生的反应所示，可单独监测富集B淋巴细胞的细胞悬液的纯度。群体和家族研究表明，HLA-D抗原与某些HLA-A和-B特异性存在连锁不平衡。在18个家庭的34个父母中发现的单倍型证明了新的单倍型，现在每个单倍型由四种抗原组成。对白种人、黑人和东方人HLA-D频率的研究表明，在种族中有着独特的分布。B淋巴细胞似乎也有一种自身抗原，很容易产生针对这种抗原的自身抗体。自身抗体对B的活性比对T淋巴细胞的活性高，在5 ℃时作用最有效.虽然它们出现在许多疾病中，最明显的是系统性红斑狼疮，但它们也发生在10%的正常男性和女性中。在等待肾移植的患者中，经常发现针对B淋巴细胞的抗体。具有冷B细胞抗体（自身抗体）的患者比具有温B细胞抗体（同种异体）的患者具有更高的移植存活率。因此，在进行交叉配血试验时，现在有必要区分抗T和B淋巴细胞的抗体以及在寒冷和温暖条件下反应的抗体。
The microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test is universally accepted as the standard test for HLA antigen determination. An update of the technical details of the test is given, based on the authors’ testing 160,000 persons. Methods for quality control of the test as well as reproducibility data are provided. International standardization of the specificities has been accomplished by seven international workshops and a continuous cell exchange involving testing of 108 cells since 1974 by as many as 180 laboratories. The test has recently become applicable to the detection of HLA-D determinants, previously thought to be detectable only by lymphocyte-determined (LD) tests. Purified peripheral blood lymphocytes are reacted with antisera from which HLA-A, -B, and -C antibodies have been removed. B lymphocytes were found to be smaller than T lymphocytes by Coulter counter sizing. The purity of cell suspensions enriched for B lymphocytes can be individually monitored, as shown by the reactions produced by 126 test samples. HLA-D antigens have a linkage disequilibrium with certain HLA-A and -B specificities as demonstrated by population and family studies. Haplotypes found in 34 parents of 18 families demonstrate the new haplotypes, which now consist of four antigens per haplotype. Studies of HLA-D frequencies in Caucasians, Negroes, and Orientals show a distinctive distribution in the races. B lymphocytes also appear to have an autoantigen against which autoantibodies are readily produced. The autoantibodies are more active against B than T lymphocytes and act most effectively at 5 C. Although they appear in many diseases, most notably in systemic lupus erythematosus, they also occur in 10% of normal males and females. In patients awaiting kidney transplants, antibodies against B lymphocytes are often found. Patients with cold B-cell antibodies (autoantibodies) were shown to have higher transplant survival rates than those with warm B-cell antibodies (allogeneic). Thus, in performing crossmatch tests it is now necessary to distinguish antibodies against T and B lymphocytes and those that react in cold and in warm conditions.