Quantitative evaluation of bacteria released by bathers in a marine water
Quantitative evaluation of bacteria released by bathers in a marine water
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.005
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Quaye, Elesi A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elmir, Samir M.;Wright, Mary E.;Quaye, Elesi A.
肠球菌是一种常见的粪便指示物，金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的皮肤病原体，游泳者可能会传播，影响娱乐沃茨的质量，并可能对人类健康造成影响。由于有关这些微生物在人体中脱落的信息有限，本研究主要集中在估计肠球菌和沙门氏菌的数量。金黄色葡萄球菌由游泳者直接从他们的皮肤上脱落和通过粘附在皮肤上的沙子间接脱落。在位于佛罗里达迈阿密-戴德县的海洋海滩进行了两组实验。第一项研究被称为“大水池”研究，涉及10名志愿者，他们在4个15分钟的周期中将身体浸入4700 L中，在周期3和4中暴露于海滩沙子。这项“小水池”研究涉及10名志愿者，他们在单独进入一个小浴缸之前暴露在海滩沙子中30分钟。在每个个体用近海海水冲洗后，收集沙子和冲洗水并分析肠球菌。“大水池”研究的结果表明，游泳者排出的肠球菌和沙门氏菌的浓度。金黄色葡萄球菌的数量级分别为6 × 105和6 × 106菌落形成单位（CFU）/人。每个沐浴者脱落的细菌显著减少（S.金黄色葡萄球菌和40%的肠球菌）。“小池”研究结果表明，与直接从志愿者体内脱落的数量相比，粘附在皮肤上的沙子中的肠球菌贡献很小（约占总数的2%）。结果表明，游泳者携带了大量的肠球菌和沙门氏菌。因此，在设计休闲水质模型时，应将人类微生物洗浴负荷视为非点源。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Enterococci, a common fecal indicator, and Staphylococcus aureus, a common skin pathogen, can be shed by bathers affecting the quality of recreational waters and resulting in possible human health impacts. Due to limited information available concerning human shedding of these microbes, this study focused on estimating the amounts of enterococci and S. aureus shed by bathers directly off their skin and indirectly via sand adhered to skin. Two sets of experiments were conducted at a marine beach located in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The first study, referred to as the "large pool" study, involved 10 volunteers who immersed their bodies in 4700 L during four 15 min cycles with exposure to beach sand in cycles 3 and 4. The "small pool" study involved 10 volunteers who were exposed to beach sand for 30 min before they individually entered a small tub. After each individual was rinsed with offshore marine water, sand and rinse water were collected and analyzed for enterococci. Results from the "large pool" study showed that bathers shed concentrations of enterococci and S. aureus on the order of 6 x 105 and 6 x 106 colony forming units (CFU) per person in the first 15 min exposure period, respectively. Significant reductions in the bacteria shed per bather (50% reductions for S. aureus and 40% for enterococci) were observed in the subsequent bathing cycles. The "small pool" study results indicated that the enterococci contribution from sand adhered to skin was small (about 2% of the total) in comparison with the amount shed directly from the bodies of the volunteers. Results indicated that bathers transport significant amounts of enterococci and S. aureus to the water column, and thus human microbial bathing load should be considered as a non-point source when designing recreational water quality models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.