Affective Learning Objectives for Communicative Visualizations
Affective Learning Objectives for Communicative Visualizations
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DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209500
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Elsie Lee-Robbins;Eytan Adar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elsie Lee-Robbins;Eytan Adar
在设计交流可视化时，我们通常关注那些试图传达模式、关系或比较的目标（认知学习目标）。我们很少关注情感意图那些试图以某种方式影响或利用观众的观点，态度或价值观的意图。情感目标的结果可能是让观众关心主题，加强对观点的立场，或引导他们采取进一步的行动。因为这样的目标通常被认为是违反感知的“中立性”或“政治性”，设计者可能会抵制或无法描述这些意图，更不用说将其正式化为学习目标。虽然有明显的例外，如宣传可视化或有说服力的制图，我们发现，可视化设计师很少承认或正式的情感目标。通过对可视化设计师的采访，我们扩展了之前使用学习目标作为描述和评估交际意图的框架的工作。具体来说，我们扩展和修改的框架，包括一组情感学习目标。这种结构化的分类法可以帮助设计人员识别和声明他们的目标，并以更有原则的方式比较和评估设计。此外，分类法可以支持可视化的外部评论和分析。我们说明了使用的分类与情感可视化的批判性分析。
When designing communicative visualizations, we often focus on goals that seek to convey patterns, relations, or comparisons (cognitive learning objectives). We pay less attention to affective intents–those that seek to influence or leverage the audience's opinions, attitudes, or values in some way. Affective objectives may range in outcomes from making the viewer care about the subject, strengthening a stance on an opinion, or leading them to take further action. Because such goals are often considered a violation of perceived ‘neutrality’ or are ‘political,’ designers may resist or be unable to describe these intents, let alone formalize them as learning objectives. While there are notable exceptions–such as advocacy visualizations or persuasive cartography–we find that visualization designers rarely acknowledge or formalize affective objectives. Through interviews with visualization designers, we expand on prior work on using learning objectives as a framework for describing and assessing communicative intent. Specifically, we extend and revise the framework to include a set of affective learning objectives. This structured taxonomy can help designers identify and declare their goals and compare and assess designs in a more principled way. Additionally, the taxonomy can enable external critique and analysis of visualizations. We illustrate the use of the taxonomy with a critical analysis of an affective visualization.