Brain-body responses to chronic stress: a brief review.
Brain-body responses to chronic stress: a brief review.
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DOI：
10.12703/r/10-83
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Karatsoreos IN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberts BL;Karatsoreos IN
为了生存和繁荣，生物体必须适应不断变化的环境压力。当环境发生重大变化时，大脑和身体会采取一系列生理和行为对策，统称为“压力反应”。这些反应包括细胞、系统和有机体水平的变化，旨在保护体内平衡并调整生理操作参数，以使有机体能够克服短期挑战。正是这些组织良好的急性反应向失调的慢性反应的转变导致了病理。从某种意义上说，保护措施变得具有破坏性，导致与慢性压力相关的无数健康问题。使情况进一步复杂化的是，这些挑战本质上不一定是纯粹的物理挑战。事实上，诸如思考工作中的挑战、资源不安全和不稳定的社会环境等社会心理压力源可能会引发同样的紧急威胁系统，并最终导致有时被描述为人类“倦怠”的相同类型的病症。这篇简短的评论重点关注最近的实证研究，探讨慢性压力对关键大脑回路、新陈代谢和代谢功能以及免疫功能的影响。
In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the “stress response”. These responses, which include changes at the cellular, systems, and organismal level, are geared toward protecting homeostasis and adapting physiological operating parameters so as to enable the organism to overcome short-term challenges. It is the shift of these well-organized acute responses to dysregulated chronic responses that leads to pathologies. In a sense, the protective measures become destructive, causing the myriad health problems that are associated with chronic stress. To further complicate the situation, these challenges need not be purely physical in nature. Indeed, psychosocial stressors such as ruminating about challenges at work, resource insecurity, and unstable social environments can engage the very same emergency threat systems and eventually lead to the same types of pathologies that sometimes are described as “burnout” in humans. This short review focuses on very recent empirical work exploring the effects of chronic stress on key brain circuits, metabolism and metabolic function, and immune function.