Nondestructive Microstructural Analysis of Porous Bioceramics by Microfocus X-ray Computed Tomography (μCT): A Proposed Protocol for Standardized Evaluation of Porosity and Interconnectivity Between Macro-pores
Nondestructive Microstructural Analysis of Porous Bioceramics by Microfocus X-ray Computed Tomography (μCT): A Proposed Protocol for Standardized Evaluation of Porosity and Interconnectivity Between Macro-pores
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DOI：
10.1007/s10921-011-0092-x
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Kawase, Tomoyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nakayama, Hitoshi;Burns, Douglas M.;Kawase, Tomoyuki
微焦点X射线计算机断层扫描（μ CT）现已广泛用于多孔生物陶瓷的无损评价，适用于骨科手术中的骨替代品。作为日本官方工作委员会的一部分，我们最近参与了多孔生物陶瓷定量μ CT分析的拟议标准方案的编写工作，该方案已提交给国际标准化组织（ISO）。在该方案中，推荐的分析基本条件为[视野（XY平面）：3.0 mm，空间分辨率：6 μ m/像素（或特定mu CT系统上两个参数可用的最接近最小值），矩阵大小：512像素]，我们现在进一步确定了更详细参数的最佳值（例如，阈值确定）。为了验证完整方案的实用性，使用三种不同类型的锥形束mu CT扫描仪（Shimadzu SMX-100 CT、Shimadzu inspeXio-90 CT和Skyscan-1174扫描仪）评价了三种不同类型的陶瓷样本[β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）陶瓷和两种不同孔隙率的羟基磷灰石（HAp）]。使用3D重建软件VGStudio MAX（版本1.2）对采集的图像进行定量。在比较从这三个μ CT扫描仪获得的数据后，我们发现，尽管测量的孔隙总数在扫描仪之间确实有所不同，但孔隙率和孔隙互连性的测定在一个系统与另一个系统之间非常相似。目前的数据表明，我们的协议μ CT分析是足够可靠的，以量化多孔生物陶瓷的孔隙度和互连性，因此将有利于大规模筛选和多孔生物陶瓷样品的质量控制。
Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (mu CT) has now become widely available for the nondestructive evaluation of porous bioceramics suitable for use as a bone substitute in orthopedic surgery. As part of an official Japanese working committee, we recently participated in the preparation of a proposed standard protocol for the quantitative mu CT analysis of porous bioceramics sent to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In this protocol, the recommended basic conditions for analysis were [field of view (XY plane): 3.0 mm, spatial resolution: 6 mu m/pixel (or the closest minimal values available for both parameters on a particular mu CT system), matrix size: 512 pixels], and we have now further determined the optimal values for more detailed parameters (e.g., threshold determination). To validate the utility of the complete protocol, three different types of ceramic sample [a ceramic of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and two types of hydroxyapatite (HAp) with different porosities] were evaluated with three different types of cone-beam mu CT scanner (the Shimadzu SMX-100CT, Shimadzu inspeXio-90CT, and Skyscan-1174 scanners). Acquired images were quantified using 3D-reconstruction software, VGStudio MAX (version 1.2). After comparing data obtained from these three mu CT scanners, we have found that determinations of both porosity and pore-interconnectivity were very similar from one system to the other although the total number of measured pores did vary between scanners. The present data indicate that our protocol for mu CT analysis is reliable enough to quantify the porosity and interconnectivity of porous bioceramics and would therefore facilitate both large-scale screening and quality control of porous bioceramic samples.