The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population
The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population
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DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.009
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sallsten, Gerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akerstrom, Magnus;Barregard, Lars;Sallsten, Gerd
介绍：镉（Cd）对肾脏有毒，身体负担的主要部分发生在这里。尿液（U-Cd）和血液（B-Cd）中的镉是广泛使用的评估镉暴露或身体负荷的生物标志物。然而，经验一般人群的数据之间的关系，镉在肾脏（K-Cd），尿液和血液是稀缺的。我们的目标是确定镉在肾脏，尿液和血液之间的关系，并计算消除半衰期镉从kidney.Methods：肾皮质活检，尿液和血液样本收集109活体肾脏捐赠者。Cd浓度测定和K-Cd，U-Cd和B-Cd之间的关系进行了研究回归模型。结果：经肌酐校正后，K-Cd与U-Cd之间存在较强的相关性（r（p）= 0.70，p < 0.001），而与B-Cd的相关性较弱（r（p）= 0.44，p < 0.001）。K-Cd与U-Cd之间呈非线性关系，高K-Cd时Cd的去除速度较慢。K-Cd半衰期的估计值在18至44年之间变化。25 μ g/g的K-Cd对应于过夜尿中0.42 μ g/g肌酐的U-Cd（U-Cd/K-Cd比：约1：60）。多变量模型显示血液和尿白蛋白中的镉是U-Cd排泄的决定因素。讨论：在低水平镉暴露的健康个体中，肾脏和尿液中的镉之间存在很强的相关性，尤其是在调整肌酸酐后。血镉和尿白蛋白对尿镉也有影响。以前估计的U-Cd/K-Cd比值可能会低估K-Cd在低U-Cd。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing Cd exposure or body burden. However, empirical general population data on the relationship between Cd in kidney (K-Cd), urine, and blood are scarce. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between cadmium in kidney, urine, and blood, and calculate the elimination half-time of Cd from the kidney.Methods: Kidney cortex biopsies, urine, and blood samples were collected from 109 living kidney donors. Cd concentrations were determined and the relationships between K-Cd, U-Cd, and B-Cd were investigated in regression models. The half-time of K-Cd was estimated from the elimination constant.Results: There was a strong association between K-Cd and U-Cd adjusted for creatinine (r(p) = 0.70, p < 0.001), while the association with B-Cd was weaker (r(p) = 0.44, p < 0.001). The relationship between K-Cd and U-Cd was nonlinear, with slower elimination of Cd at high K-Cd. Estimates of the K-Cd half-time varied between 18 and 44 years. A K-Cd of 25 mu g/g corresponds to U-Cd of 0.42 mu g/g creatinine in overnight urine (U-Cd/K-Cd ratio: about 1:60). Multivariate models showed Cd in blood and urinary albumin as determinants for U-Cd excretion.Discussion: In healthy individuals with low-level Cd exposure, there was a strong correlation between Cd in kidney and urine, especially after adjustment for creatinine. Urinary Cd was also affected by Cd in blood and urinary albumin. Previous estimates of the U-Cd/K-Cd ratio may underestimate K-Cd at low U-Cd. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.