Antimicrobial polypeptides are key Anti-HIV-1 effector molecules of cervicovaginal host defense
Antimicrobial polypeptides are key Anti-HIV-1 effector molecules of cervicovaginal host defense
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00561.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cole, Amy Liese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cole, Alexander M.;Cole, Amy Liese
宫颈和阴道粘膜表面是人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）异性传播的入口，因此在原发性感染的发病机制中起着重要作用。包括防御素在内的阳离子抗菌多肽是粘膜先天免疫对抗微生物和病毒（如HIV）的主要效应分子。在宫颈阴道分泌物中，抗菌多肽构成了大部分固有的抗hiv -1活性，阳离子多肽之间的协同作用是复杂的，充分的抗hiv -1活性涉及阳离子多肽的完全补体。阳离子抗菌多肽表达减少的时期可能与HIV-1感染易感性增加有关。本文综述了阳离子抗菌多肽在先天性宫颈阴道抗hiv -1宿主防御中的作用，并讨论了激素和细菌感染如何调节其表达。重点放在抗HIV-1肽的防御素（逆转录细胞周期素）类及其作为局部杀微生物剂发展的潜力，以防止HIV-1传播。
Mucosal surfaces of the cervix and vagina are portals for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and, therefore, play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of primary infection. Cationic antimicrobial polypeptides including defensins are the principal effector molecules of mucosal innate immunity against microbes and viruses such as HIV. In cervicovaginal secretions, antimicrobial polypeptides constitute the majority of the intrinsic anti-HIV-1 activity, synergism between cationic polypeptides is complex, and full anti-HIV-1 activity involves the complete complement of cationic polypeptides. Periods in which cationic antimicrobial polypeptide expression is reduced are likely associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. This review provides an overview of the role of cationic antimicrobial polypeptides in innate cervicovaginal anti-HIV-1 host defense, and discusses how hormones and bacterial infections can regulate their expression. Emphasis is placed on the theta-defensin (retrocyclin) class of anti-HIV-1 peptides and their potential for development as topical microbicides to prevent HIV-1 transmission.