Children's arithmetical difficulties: Contributions from processing speed, item identification, and short-term memory
Children's arithmetical difficulties: Contributions from processing speed, item identification, and short-term memory
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DOI：
10.1006/jecp.1996.2358
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Johnston, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bull, R;Johnston, RS
儿童的算术困难常被解释为短期记忆缺陷。然而，这种记忆缺陷的根本原因尚不清楚，一些研究人员认为是发音速度慢，因此在回忆过程中增加了信息的衰减，而另一些研究人员则从项目识别速度慢的角度给出了解释，表明检索存储在长期记忆中的信息有困难。一般的处理速度也与短期记忆的测量有关，但很少在儿童算术的研究中被评估。因此，对7岁的儿童进行了短期记忆、处理速度、排序能力和从长期记忆中检索信息的测量。在控制阅读能力的条件下，处理速度对算术能力的预测效果最好，短期记忆对算术能力的影响不显著。结论是，有算术困难的儿童在自动化基本算术事实方面存在问题，这可能源于一般的处理速度缺陷。(C) 1997学术出版社。
Children's arithmetical difficulties are often explained in terms of a short-term memory deficit. However, the underlying cause of this memory deficit is unclear, with some researchers suggesting a slow articulation rate and hence increased decay of information during recall, while others offer an explanation in terms of slow speed of item identification, indicating difficulty in retrieving information stored in longterm memory. General processing speed is also related to measures of short-term memory but has rarely been assessed in studies of children's arithmetic. Measures of short-term memory, processing speed, sequencing ability, and retrieval of information from long-term memory were therefore given to 7-year-old children. When reading ability was controlled for, arithmetic ability was best predicted by processing speed, with short-term memory accounting for no further unique variance. It was concluded that children with arithmetic difficulties have problems specifically in automating basic arithmetic facts which may stem from a general speed-of-processing deficit. (C) 1997 Academic Press.