“The Politics of Place” on the Yokota Air Force Base in Fussa City
“The Politics of Place” on the Yokota Air Force Base in Fussa City
复制标题
福生市横田空军基地的“地方政治”
DOI：
10.5026/jgeography.114.5_767
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
T. Arai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Arai
本研究考察了Fussa City和横田空军基地之间的政治互动，即“地方政治”，从一系列政治、经济和文化过程中维持基地的存在。军事基地的建立通常是为了全球地缘政治目的。但是，建立军事基地对基地所在的当地社区有文化影响，即对军人犯罪和飞机噪音的担忧增加。尽管这些军事基地有一些严重的影响，特别是在日本，地理学家还没有研究过关于一个特定的军事基地和由此产生的城市政治问题。相反，自20世纪80年代以来，英美政治地理学家更多地关注“地方政治”，这是指由于结构约束与特定地方的个性相互作用而产生的地方政治。因此，本研究通过使用当地报纸、小说、杂志文章和议会会议记录的资源，对东京Fussa市横田空军基地的“地方政治”进行了研究。结果表明：(1)由于美国空军与当地政治经济主体的独立性，1945年横田空军基地建立后，富萨镇形成了以横田空军基地为依托的城市结构和地方经济；(2)由于这种结构，当地经济开始依赖空军人员作为消费者；(3)然而，由于向浮动汇率的转变以及70年代上半叶基地人口的减少，空军人员对当地经济的影响有所下降；(4) 20世纪80年代以来，经济主体利用基地周边的“氛围”和“形象”来振兴当地经济；(5)此外，大众媒体将福萨市描述为“基地镇”，并在20世纪60年代对城市进行了回顾，从而促进了福萨市的振兴；(6)在20世纪70年代经济衰退期间，一些地方政治代理人反对基地的存在。然而，福萨市的历届市长都接受了基地的存在，并利用从国家政府获得的补贴来建设城市基础设施。
This study examines the interaction between the politics in Fussa City and the Yokota Air Force Base, that is “the politics of place, ” from a range of political, economic, and cultural processes which maintain the existence of the base.Military bases are generally established for global geopolitical purposes. However, the establishment of a military base has cultural implications for the local communities where the base is located, i.e., increased concerns about crimes committed by seavicepersons and noise by aircrafts. Although these military bases have some serious impacts, especially in Japan, geographers have not yet examined the issues regarding a particular military base and the resultant politics in the city.On the contrary, since the 1980s, Anglo-American political geographers have paid more attention to “the politics of place” This refers to the local politics that occur due to the interaction between a structural constraint and the individuality of a particular place.Therefore, this study examines “the politics of place” on the Yokota Air Base in Fussa City, Tokyo, by using resources from the local newspapers, novels, magazine articles, and council proceedings.The results are as follows : (1) Owing to the independence between the U.S. Air Force and local political and economic actors, an urban structure and local economy that depended on the Yokota Air Force Base were constructed in Fussa Town after the establishment of the base in 1945; (2) because of this structure, the local economy became to depend on Air Force personnel as consumers; (3) however, due to a shift to the floating exchanging rate and a reduction in the population of the base in the first half of the 1970s, there was a decrease in the influence that Air Force personnel had on the local economy; (4) since the 1980s, an economic agent utilized the “atmosphere” and “image” adjacent to the base to revitalize the local economy; (5) furthermore, the mass media represented Fussa City as a “base town” and conducted a review of the city in the 1960s, thus contributing to its revitalization; (6) during the economic slump in the 1970s, some local political agents were against the existence of the base. However, successive mayors of Fussa City have accepted the existence of the base, and utilized the subsidies it receives from the national government in order to construct the urban infrastructure.