History of plant tissue culture.
History of plant tissue culture.
复制标题
植物组织培养的历史。
DOI：
10.1385/1-59259-959-1:009
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Thorpe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Thorpe
植物组织培养，或在体外规定的物理和化学条件下对细胞、组织、器官及其成分进行无菌培养，是基础研究和应用研究以及商业应用的重要工具。它起源于20世纪初德国科学家哈伯兰特（Haberlandt）的思想。早期的研究导致了根培养，胚胎培养和第一个真正的愈伤组织/组织培养。20世纪40年代至60年代的特点是新技术的发展和现有技术的改进。正是这些技术的可用性导致了组织培养在五个广泛领域的应用，即细胞行为（包括细胞学，营养，代谢，形态发生，胚胎发生和病理学），植物修饰和改良，无病原体植物和种质储存，无性系繁殖和产品（主要是次生代谢物）形成，开始于20世纪60年代中期。20世纪90年代，体外培养技术在越来越多的植物物种上的应用不断扩大。细胞培养一直是植物生物学和生物化学基础领域研究的重要工具，在分子生物学和农业生物技术研究中具有重要意义。本章重点介绍了这些体外技术的历史发展及其应用。
Plant tissue culture, or the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro, is an important tool in both basic and applied studies as well as in commercial application. It owes its origin to the ideas of the German scientist, Haberlandt, at the beginning of the 20th century. The early studies led to root cultures, embryo cultures, and the first true callus/tissue cultures. The period between the 1940s and the 1960s was marked by the development of new techniques and the improvement of those already in use. It was the availability of these techniques that led to the application of tissue culture to five broad areas, namely, cell behavior (including cytology, nutrition, metabolism, morphogenesis, embryogenesis, and pathology), plant modification and improvement, pathogen-free plants and germplasm storage, clonal propagation, and product (mainly secondary metabolite) formation, starting in the mid-1960s. The 1990s saw continued expansion in the application of the in vitro technologies to an increasing number of plant species. Cell cultures have remained an important tool in the study of basic areas of plant biology and biochemistry and have assumed major significance in studies in molecular biology and agricultural biotechnology. The historical development of these in vitro technologies and their applications are the focus of this chapter.