Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge
Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge
复制标题
由克利尼科生物侵蚀海绵诱导的珊瑚定植
作者：
C. Schönberg;C. Wilkinson
抽象的。在大堡礁中部的奥菲斯岛进行的实地实验中，研究了生物侵蚀海绵 Cliona orientalis 的定殖能力。活体海绵组织移植物被固定在九种珊瑚上。海绵能够入侵这九种珊瑚中的七种：澳大利亚滨珊瑚（Porites australiensis）、圆柱滨珊瑚（Porites cylindrica）、红滨滨珊瑚（Porites rus）、福尔摩沙鹿角珊瑚（Acropora formosa）、星形珊瑚（Astreopora myriophtalma）、法维特斯阿布迪塔（Favites abdita）和蒙塔斯特里亚库塔（Montastrea curta）。在 Lobophyllia hemprichii 和 Pachyseris spiosa 中没有观察到海绵组织。虽然死亡基质的定植可以在几周内发生，但通过活珊瑚组织的入侵则在 2-3 个月后发生。珊瑚组织中海绵组织的频率和面积在统计上独立于宿主珊瑚物种。珊瑚物种影响海绵的生存和健康，大概是由于珊瑚的化学防御。我们对珊瑚对海绵的防御能力进行了排序：L. hemprichii > P. cylindrica = P. rus = F. abdita > A. formosa = M. curta (= P. spiosa) > A. myriophtalma = 大量滨珊瑚。总体而言，海绵碎片具有相当大的能力，可以在活珊瑚上生存，并从伤害、搬运和与珊瑚接触引起的初始压力中恢复（96% 存活了 3 个月）。海绵在直接接触时抵抗珊瑚防御的能力可能为其提供有性繁殖的替代方案（通过碎片繁殖），并可能使海绵能够横向入侵各种珊瑚物种。
Abstract. Colonization abilities of the bioeroding sponge Cliona orientalis were studied in a field experiment conducted at Orpheus Island, on the central Great Barrier Reef. Live grafts of sponge tissue were fixed onto nine coral species. The sponge was able to invade seven of these nine coral species: Porites australiensis, Porites cylindrica, Porites rus, Acropora formosa, Astreopora myriophtalma, Favites abdita and Montastrea curta. No sponge tissue was observed in Lobophyllia hemprichii and Pachyseris speciosa. While colonization of dead substrates can take place within a few weeks, invasion through live coral tissue occurred after 2–3 months. The frequency and area of sponge tissue in coral tissue were statistically independent of host coral species. The coral species affected sponge survival and health, presumably due to coral chemical defense. We ranked coral defense abilities against the sponge in the order: L. hemprichii > P. cylindrica = P. rus = F. abdita > A. formosa = M. curta (= P. speciosa) > A. myriophtalma = massive Porites. Overall, sponge fragments had a considerable capacity to survive on live coral and to recover from injury, handling and the initial stress caused by contact with corals (96% survived for 3 months). The ability of the sponge to resist coral defense on direct contact may offer it an alternative to sexual reproduction – by propagation through fragments – and may enable the sponge to invade various coral species laterally.