Radiation dose to technicians per nuclear medicine procedure: comparison between technetium-99m, gallium-67, and iodine-131 radiotracers and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose
Radiation dose to technicians per nuclear medicine procedure: comparison between technetium-99m, gallium-67, and iodine-131 radiotracers and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose
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DOI：
10.1007/s002590050164
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bombardieri, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chiesa, C;DeSanctis, V;Bombardieri, E
这项研究的目的是确定技术人员在进行普通核医学程序或静态(即无需血液采样)氟-18氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)正电子发射断层扫描(PET)研究时接受的非肢体伽马剂量，每个患者的剂量是通过商业电子袖珍盖革-米勒剂量计测量的，该剂量计戴在工作服的左上角口袋中。这之前是通过暴露于空气中已知的氚-99m、镓-67、碘-131和氟-18的点源来进行测试的。在水模中插入~(99)Tc、I-131和F-18源进行了进一步的测试，以模拟患者组织对初级辐射的高散射退化条件，随后，由两名技术人员测量了总共314例临床病例的剂量，涵盖了最常见的核医学程序，包括44项静态、两级FDG PET研究，其中包括44项静态、两级FDG PET研究，将LRE患者重新定位在透射器和发射扫描之间的沙发上；以及7项全身PET研究。剂量计读取的剂量根据环境背景和利用空气中的源测量的探测器效率进行了校正。对于有限的病例子集，也测量了与患者相处的时间。然后通过粗略的非吸收点源近似和使用实验剂量率来估计剂量。比较了实验型与非试验型。估计的剂量以及之前公布的数据完成了这项工作。大多数常规方法的单次测量剂量在0.2-0.4mU Sv范围内，除平衡式心血管核素显像(1.0+/-0.5mU Sv)和~(99)Tc-Sestamibi单光子发射型计算机断层扫描(1.7+/-1.0mU Sv)外，与近20年发表的数据比较，我们的值普遍偏低。目前更有利的工作条件是技术改进(例如，能够进行全身研究的双头伽马相机)以及更安全的屏蔽和与患者的距离。两水平正电子发射计算机体层摄影分别为11.5+/-4.4 mU Sv和5.9+/-1.2 mU Sv。在患者的子集中，这些值可以细分为程序每个阶段的单独贡献。日常质量保证0.11+/-0.04亩Sv，二次透射式扫描2.9+/-3.0 mU Sv，注射器准备0.3+/-0.1 mU Sv，注射护送候诊室2.8+/-1.8 mU Sv，全身排气扫描1.7+/-1.5 mSv，二次排气7.7+/-5.2 mSv，病人离院0.8+/-0.2 mU Sv。与传统方法相比，PET的价值更高是由于F-18的比伽马常数更高，以及精确定位所需的时间更长。
The aim of this study was to determine the non-extremity gamma dose received by a technician while performing an ordinary nuclear medicine procedure or a static (i.e. without blood sampling) fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) study, The dose per patient was measured by means of a commercial electronic pocket Geiger Mueller dosimeter, worn in the upper left pocket of the overalls. This was previously tested by exposure to known point sources of technetium-99m, gallium-67, iodine-131 and fluorine-18 in the air. A further test was performed with Tc-99m, I-131 and F-18 sources inserted in a water phantom to simulate the condition of high scattering degradation of the primary radiation due to the patient's tissues, Subsequently, the dose was measured by two technicians for a total of 314 clinical cases, covering the most common nuclear medicine procedures, including 44 static, two-level FDG PET studies with repositioning of lire patient on the couch between the transmission and the emission scan and seven whole-body PET studies. The dose read by the dosimeter was corrected for environmental background and for detector efficiency measured with sources in the air. For a limited subset of cases, the time spent close to patients was also measured. Doses were then estimated by a crude non-absorbing point source approximation and by using experimental dose rates. A comparison between experimental. and estimated doses, as well as with previously published data, completed the work. For most of the conventional procedures, the measured dose per procedure proved to be within the range 0.2-0.4 mu Sv, except for equilibrium angiocardioscintigraphy (1.0 +/- 0.5 mu Sv) and Tc-99m-sestamibi single-photon emission tomography (1.7 +/- 1.0 mu Sv), Comparison with data published in the last 20 years shows that our values are generally lower. The current more favourable working conditions are a result of technological improvements (for instance two-head gamma cameras capable of whole-body studies), and safer shielding and distance from patients. Two-level PET gave 11.5 +/- 4.4 mu Sv and whole-body PET 5.9 +/- 1.2 mu Sv. In a subset of patients these values could be subdivided into the separate contributions from each phase of the procedure. They were: 0.11 +/- 0.04 mu Sv for daily quality assurance, 2.9 +/- 3.0 mu Sv for two transmission scans, 0.3 +/- 0.1 mu Sv for syringe preparation, 2.8 +/- 1.8 mu Sv for injection and escorting the patient to the waiting room, 1.7 +/- 1.5 mu Sv for a whole body emission scan, 7.7 +/- 5.2 mu Sv for two emission scans, and 0.8 +/- 0.2 mu Sv for patient departure. The higher value from PET by comparison with conventional procedures is attributable to the higher specific gamma constant of F-18, as well as the longer time required for accurate positioning.