Accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins by surfclams, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1897) in the Gulf of Maine: seasonal changes, distribution between tissues, and notes on feeding habits.
Accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins by surfclams, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1897) in the Gulf of Maine: seasonal changes, distribution between tissues, and notes on feeding habits.
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缅因湾的北蛤、Spisula Solidissima (Dillwyn, 1897) 积累麻痹性贝类毒素：季节变化、组织之间的分布以及摄食习惯注释。
DOI：
10.1002/nt.2620020413
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Selvin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Shumway;S. A. Sherman;A. Cembella;R. Selvin
在两年的时间里，在缅因州南部的两个近海地点和缅因州海湾乔治河岸的六个站点研究了表面蛤（Spisula solidissima）麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）毒素的积累。采用标准的AOAC小鼠生物测定法，分析了整个动物以及个体组织（虹吸管、套膜、消化腺、足部、内收肌、鳃）的psp毒性水平。对来自近海和近海的蛤进行了肠道内容物分析，以确定摄入的颗粒类型。表面蛤主要以浮游植物和上覆海水和表面沉积物的碎屑物质为食。没有发现任何根据颗粒大小或类型进行选择的证据。在最初中毒两年多后，乔治滩的蛤蜊中发现PSP毒素水平升高。毒素在蛤的各组织中分布不均匀。最初，在蛤蜊组织中发现最大的毒性是在消化腺；然而，对今年晚些时候收集的样本的后续分析表明，鳃和套组织的毒性相对于初始值有所增加。对内收肌无毒性作用。表面蛤的特点是个体动物的总毒素负荷变化很大，随着毒素水平的增加，变化有减少的趋势。来自海洋资源部的存档数据揭示了表层蛤毒素积累的年度和季节性模式，即毒素积累是每年发生的事件，毒性最初增加通常发生在早春。
Accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins by surfclams, Spisula solidissima, was studied over a period of two years at two inshore locations in southern Maine and at six stations on Georges Bank in the Gulf of Maine. Whole animals as well as individual tissues (siphon, mantle, digestive gland, foot, adductor muscle, gill) were analyzed for PSP-toxicity levels using the standard AOAC mouse bioassay. Analyses of gut contents were carried out on surfclams from both inshore and offshore locations to identify the type of particles ingested. Surfclams feed primarily on phytoplankton and detrital material characteristic of the overlying seawater and surface sediment. No evidence was found for any selection based on particle size or type. Elevated levels of PSP toxins were noted in surfclams from Georges Bank more than two years after initial toxification. Toxins were not evenly distributed among the various tissues of surfclams. Initially, maximum toxicity among surfclam tissues was found in digestive glands; however, subsequent analyses of samples collected later in the year indicated that toxicity in gill and mantle tissues had increased relative to initial values. No toxicity was detected in adductor muscles. Surfclams are characterized by a high variation in total toxin load among individual animals, with a tendency for decreasing variation as toxin levels increase. Archived data from the Main Department of Marine Resources revealed annual and seasonal patterns of toxin accumulation by surfclams, i.e., toxin accumulation is an annual event, with initial increases in toxicity usually occurring in early spring.