Diet Assessment Methods in the Nurses' Health Studies and Contribution to Evidence-Based Nutritional Policies and Guidelines
Diet Assessment Methods in the Nurses' Health Studies and Contribution to Evidence-Based Nutritional Policies and Guidelines
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2016.303348
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Willett, Walter C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Frank B.;Satija, Ambika;Willett, Walter C.
目标。回顾护士健康研究（NHSs）对饮食评估方法和循证营养政策和指南的贡献。我们对1976年至2016年间NHS和NHS II的出版物进行了叙述性回顾。通过40多年来通过有效的饮食调查问卷对饮食进行定期评估，国家健康服务机构确定了乳腺癌和其他癌症等疾病的饮食决定因素；肥胖;2型糖尿病；心血管、呼吸和眼部疾病；神经退行性疾病和精神疾病。利用血液、尿液和脚趾甲样本评估营养生物标志物。来自国家健康调查的有力发现，以及来自其他大型队列和随机饮食干预试验的证据，为制定饮食指南和营养政策提供了证据基础，以减少反式脂肪、饱和脂肪、含糖饮料、红肉和加工肉类以及精制碳水化合物的摄入，同时促进更多健康脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入，以及整体健康的饮食模式。国家卫生服务系统长期定期收集的膳食数据，具有文献记载的可靠性和有效性，广泛有助于我们了解各种疾病的饮食决定因素，为饮食指南和制定营养政策提供信息。
Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to diet assessment methods and evidence-based nutritional policies and guidelines.Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016.Results. Through periodic assessment of diet by validated dietary questionnaires over 40 years, the NHSs have identified dietary determinants of diseases such as breast and other cancers; obesity; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases; and neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Nutritional biomarkers were assessed using blood, urine, and toenail samples. Robust findings, from the NHSs, together with evidence from other large cohorts and randomized dietary intervention trials, have contributed to the evidence base for developing dietary guidelines and nutritional policies to reduce intakes of trans fat, saturated fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, red and processed meats, and refined carbohydrates while promoting higher intake of healthy fats and carbohydrates and overall healthful dietary patterns.Conclusions. The long-term, periodically collected dietary data in the NHSs, with documented reliability and validity, have contributed extensively to our understanding of the dietary determinants of various diseases, informing dietary guidelines and shaping nutritional policy.