SOLIDARITY in the Moral Imagination of Bioethics
SOLIDARITY in the Moral Imagination of Bioethics
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/hast.490
复制
发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Dawson, Angus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jennings, Bruce;Dawson, Angus
在我们社会对公共卫生、卫生政策和卫生服务的合法性以及道德和政治支持的同意计算中，团结的概念有多重要？同意演算（calculus of consent）一词指的是人们为了合理化和证明自己对有利于他人的法律、规则和政策的服从而给出的答案。同意的演算回答了这样的问题，我为什么要关心？我为什么要帮忙？我为什么要为他人的公共供给做出贡献？这里的同意并不一定是一种故意的、明确的知情同意行为。微积分并不一定是一种可量化的、准数学的运算;更常见的情况是，这种微积分以故事的形式出现，社会讲述自己，个人讲述自己在其中的地位。生命伦理学的一个重要功能是告知和塑造这些故事。生物伦理学有可能为社会提供一个更敏锐的洞察力和感知什么是道德上的利害关系，在有关健康，科学和社会的争议。这种洞察力就是我们所说的道德想象力，我们并不是指假装或幻想，而是指与给定保持批判距离的能力，以其他方式思考现实。道德想象力使人们能够看到历史上，在大型社会和公共结构中，以及在自己的生活，思想和感情的形状中起作用的因素之间的联系。在这方面，我们特别关注团结概念对生物伦理学的道德想象力所能作出的贡献。我们认为，团结必须在生物伦理学分析和论证中变得更加广泛、积极和明确，因为它努力形成在一个开放、多样化的社会中遵守共同利益准则和规则的理由。
How important is the concept of solidarity in our society's calculus of consent as regards the legitimacy and ethical and political support for public health, health policy, and health services? By the term calculus of consent, we refer to the answer that people give to rationalize and justify their obedience to laws, rules, and policies that benefit others. The calculus of consent answers questions such as, Why should I care? Why should I help? Why should I contribute to the public provision of others? Consent here does not have to be a deliberate, explicit act of informed agreement. And a calculus does not have to be a quantifiable, quasimathematical operation; more often, such a calculus takes narrative form in stories that a society tells about itself and that individuals tell about their place in it.One vital function of bioethics is to inform and shape those stories. Bioethics has the potential to offer society a keener insight into and perception of what is ethically at stake in controversies concerning health, science, and society. This insight is what we shall refer to as a moral imagination, by which we do not mean make-believe or fantasy but, rather, the capacity to take a critical distance from the given, to think reality otherwise. The moral imagination enables one to see connections between factors at work in history, in large social and communal structures, and in the shape of one's own life, thoughts, and feelings. Here we are especially concerned with the contribution that the concept of solidarity can make to the moral imagination of bioethics. We contend that solidarity must become more widely active and explicit in bioethics analysis and argumentation as it endeavors to shape reasons for obeying norms and rules of common benefit in an open, diverse society.