Taking an Ecosystem Approach to STEM Learning
Taking an Ecosystem Approach to STEM Learning
复制标题
采用生态系统方法进行 STEM 学习
DOI：
10.1080/24758779.2016.12420441
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
William Penuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
John H. Falk;L. Dierking;N. Staus;Jennifer Wyld;Deborah L. Bailey;William Penuel
STEM（科学，技术，工程和数学）学习的性质正在发生变化，因为个人从摇篮到坟墓都可以获得前所未有的24/7与科学相关的信息和经验。今天的科学教育机会不仅包括传统的学校教育，还包括图书馆、博物馆、动物园、水族馆、科学中心、公园和保护区;多样化的广播媒体，如电视、播客和电影;有组织的青少年项目，如4-H、课后或夏令营，以及特殊兴趣俱乐部和爱好小组;以及越来越多的数字媒体，如个人游戏、互联网和社交媒体。这些正式和非正式的资源统称为STEM学习生态系统。生态系统的概念也得到了扩展，不仅包括机构和组织等物质资源，还包括社会资源：社交网络、同龄人、教育工作者（校内和校外）、朋友和家人。总的来说，生态系统是“学习者个体之间的动态互动，学习发生的不同环境，以及他们所嵌入的社区和文化”（，pp. 1-2）。这些不同的组织和工具使越来越多的人能够定制和负责自己的STEM学习。
The nature of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) learning is changing as individuals have unprecedented, 24/7 access to science-related information and experiences from cradle to grave. Today’s science-education opportunities include not only traditional schooling, but also libraries, museums, zoos, aquaria, science centers, and parks and preserves; diverse broadcast media such as television, podcasts, and film; organized youth programs such as 4-H, after-school or summer camps, and special-interest clubs and hobby groups; and an ever-increasing array of digital media such as personal games, the internet, and social media. Collectively, these formal and informal resources are referred to as theSTEM learning ecosystem. The concept of an ecosystem has also been expanded to include not only material resources such as institutions and organizations, but also social ones: social networks, peers, educators (in school and out of school), friends, and family. In total, the ecosystem is “the dynamic interaction among individual learners, diverse settings where learning occurs, and the community and culture in which they are embedded” (, pp. 1–2). These various organizations and tools enable a growing number of individuals to customize and take charge of their own STEM learning.