Environmental Enrichment Rescues Binocular Matching of Orientation Preference in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Environmental Enrichment Rescues Binocular Matching of Orientation Preference in the Mouse Visual Cortex
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3534-16.2017
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发表时间：
2017-06-14
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Cang, Jianhua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levine, Jared N.;Chen, Hui;Cang, Jianhua
神经回路是在发育的关键时期由经验塑造的。在这些时期，感官剥夺永久地损害了有机体感知外部世界的能力。在小鼠的视觉系统中，在生命早期的关键时期，正常的视觉体验会通过两只眼睛驱动单个皮层神经元的方向偏好匹配，这可能是双眼视觉发展的关键一步。在这里，在小鼠的两种性别，我们表明，双眼匹配过程是完全阻断单眼剥夺跨越整个关键时期。然后，我们表明，3周的环境富集（EE），增强的感觉，运动和认知刺激的范例，足以拯救双眼匹配的水平，在未操作的小鼠。相比之下，6周的常规住房只导致部分救援。最后，我们使用双光子钙成像长期跟踪匹配过程中的个别细胞在EE诱导的救援。我们发现，对于明显由两只眼睛中的一只主导的细胞，代表较弱眼睛的输入改变其取向偏好，以与主导眼睛对齐。因此，这些结果揭示了眼优势的双目匹配过程中的一个关键驱动程序，并建议一个模型，其中占主导地位的输入指示发展较弱的输入。这种机制可能在其他系统的开发中起作用，这些系统需要整合来自多个来源的输入以产生正常的神经元功能。
Neural circuits are shaped by experience during critical periods of development. Sensory deprivation during these periods permanently compromises an organism's ability to perceive the outside world. In the mouse visual system, normal visual experience during a critical period in early life drives the matching of individual cortical neurons' orientation preferences through the two eyes, likely a key step in the development of binocular vision. Here, in mice of both sexes, we show that the binocular matching process is completely blocked by monocular deprivation spanning the entire critical period. We then show that 3 weeks of environmental enrichment (EE), a paradigm of enhanced sensory, motor, and cognitive stimulation, is sufficient to rescue binocular matching to the level seen in unmanipulated mice. In contrast, 6 weeks of conventional housing only resulted in a partial rescue. Finally, we use two-photon calcium imaging to track the matching process chronically in individual cells during EE-induced rescue. We find that for cells that are clearly dominated by one of the two eyes, the input representing the weaker eye changes its orientation preference to align with that of the dominant eye. These results thus reveal ocular dominance as a key driver of the binocular matching process, and suggest a model whereby the dominant input instructs the development of the weaker input. Such a mechanism may operate in the development of other systems that need to integrate inputs from multiple sources to generate normal neuronal functions.