Toward Diagnosing Leishmania infantum Infection in Asymptomatic Dogs in an Area Where Leishmaniasis Is Endemic
Toward Diagnosing Leishmania infantum Infection in Asymptomatic Dogs in an Area Where Leishmaniasis Is Endemic
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DOI：
10.1128/cvi.00268-08
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Capelli, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Otranto, D.;Paradies, P.;Capelli, G.
在对来自意大利利什曼病流行地区的婴儿利什曼原虫感染的无症状狗进行的纵向调查中，比较了最常用的诊断方法。2005年2月和3月，对845只无症状犬进行了免疫荧光抗体试验(IFAT)、试纸条试验(DS)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISAT)，分别检测了婴儿乳杆菌和犬埃立克体病。通过对淋巴组织的显微镜检查和皮肤样本的聚合酶链式反应，对婴儿乳杆菌血清阴性的狗进行了进一步的寄生虫学评估。共有204只在第一次抽样中血清学和寄生虫学均为阴性的动物参加了试验，并在2005年11月(即第一个沙蝇季节结束时)、2006年3月和2007年3月(分别进行了1年和2年的随访)进一步检查了犬利什曼病(CAIL)和犬单核细胞埃立克体病。初筛时，IFAT法总阳性率为9.5%，ELISA法总阳性率为17.1%，DS法总阳性率为9.8%，犬肠球菌总阳性率为15%。IFAT和DS结果的符合率基本相同，而IFAT和DS的结果与ELISA法的符合率较低。利什曼原虫感染的年度发病率的结果是不同的，取决于所采用的测试，其中PCR值最高(即1年和2年随访时分别为5.7%和11.4%)，其次是酶联免疫吸附试验、IFAT和DS。在两年的观察中，55只动物(即26.9%)在不同的随访时间通过一项或多项诊断试验呈婴儿乳杆菌阳性，其中12.7%的动物表现出与CANL有关的临床症状，其余87.3%的动物没有临床症状。建议了一种评估无症状犬的婴幼儿乳杆菌感染状况的诊断方案。
The most frequently used diagnostic methods were compared in a longitudinal survey with Leishmania infantum-infected asymptomatic dogs from an area of Italy where leishmaniasis is endemic. In February and March 2005, 845 asymptomatic dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), a dipstick assay (DS), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. infantum and by IFAT for Ehrlichia canis. Dogs seronegative for L. infantum were further parasitologically evaluated by microscopic examination of lymph node tissues and PCR of skin samples. A total of 204 animals both serologically and parasitologically negative for L. infantum at the first sampling were enrolled in the trial and were further examined for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in November 2005 (i.e., the end of the first sandfly season) and March 2006 and 2007 (1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively). At the initial screening, the overall rates of L. infantum seroprevalence were 9.5% by IFAT, 17.1% by ELISA, and 9.8% by DS and the overall rate of E. canis seroprevalence was 15%. The rates of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS were almost equal, whereas the rate of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS and those of the ELISA was lower. The results of the annual incidence of Leishmania infection were variable, depending on the test employed, with the highest values registered for PCR (i.e., 5.7% and 11.4% at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively), followed by ELISA, IFAT, and DS. Over the 2 years of observation, 55 animals (i.e., 26.9%) became positive for L. infantum by one or more diagnostic tests at different follow-up times, with 12.7% showing clinical signs related to CanL, while the remaining 87.3% were asymptomatic. A diagnostic scheme for assessment of the L. infantum infection status in asymptomatic dogs is suggested.