Epidemiological aspects and spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil
Epidemiological aspects and spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil
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DOI：
10.4081/gh.2017.503
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
de Almeida, Roque Pacheco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campos, Roseane;Santos, Marcio;de Almeida, Roque Pacheco
内脏利什曼病（VL）是热带国家的一种全身性地方病，通过白蛉传播。特别是家犬（Canis familiaris）被认为是导致利什曼原虫病的寄生虫的主要城市水库。在塞尔吉佩州，人VL病例的平均数量为每年58例。巴西东北部塞尔吉佩首府阿拉卡茹市有159例人类VL病例。相关地，利什曼病血清学阳性犬的比例从2008年的4.73%增加到2014年的12.69%。因此，这些研究旨在描述人和犬VL的空间分布和流行病学方面，相互支持发病率增加。2008年至2014年期间，人类VL病例数量和犬VL血清学阳性频率均有所增加。空间分布分析了城市中人和犬VL病例最集中的地图区域。疾病发生率最高的社区位于城市郊区和城市化地区或处于发展之中。VL阳性狗的指数增加进一步表明，该疾病正在城市地区蔓延，在那里它可以作为通过白蛉媒介将狗传播给人类的水库。
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic disease endemic in tropical countries and transmitted through sand flies. In particular, Canis familiaris (or domesticated dogs) are believed to be a major urban reservoir for the parasite causing the disease Leishmania. The average number of human VL cases was 58 per year in the state of Sergipe. The city of Aracaju, capital of Sergipe in Northeastern Brazil, had 159 cases of VL in humans. Correlatively, the percentage of serologically positive dogs for leishmaniasis increased from 4.73% in 2008 to 12.69% in 2014. Thus, these studies aimed to delineate the spatial distribution and epidemiological aspects of human and canine VL as mutually supportive for increased incidence. The number of human cases of VL and the frequency of canine positive serology for VL both increased between 2008 and 2014. Spatial distribution analyses mapped areas of the city with the highest concentration of human and canine VL cases. The neighbourhoods that showed the highest disease frequency were located on the outskirts of the city and in urbanised areas or subjected to development. Exponential increase in VL-positive dogs further suggests that the disease is expanding in urban areas, where it can serve as a reservoir for transmission of dogs to humans via the sand fly vector.