Seasonal complementary in pollinators of soft-fruit crops
Seasonal complementary in pollinators of soft-fruit crops
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DOI：
10.1016/j.baae.2016.11.007
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Goulson, Dave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellis, Ciaran R.;Feltham, Hannah;Goulson, Dave
了解野生和管理的传粉者的相对贡献，以及由不同的传粉者社区所做的功能性贡献，对于维持我们75%受益于昆虫授粉的作物的产量至关重要。我们描述了一个实地研究和传粉者排除实验进行两个软果作物在一个系统中，野生和管理传粉者。我们测试水果的质量和数量是否受到授粉的限制，以及不同的授粉昆虫是否对不同的天气条件有不同的反应。草莓和乌藨子生产较少的可销售的水果时，昆虫被排除在外，表明依赖昆虫授粉。乌藨子的花期很短，正好与蜜蜂的高峰期相吻合，每朵花吸引了很多蜜蜂。相比之下，草莓的花期要长得多，对传粉者的吸引力似乎要小得多，因此确保充分授粉可能更具挑战性。高品质草莓的比例与授粉昆虫的丰富度呈正相关，这表明产量受到一些农场授粉不足的限制。不同的传粉者类群访问草莓的相对丰度显着变化，通过季节，表现出季节性的互补性。昆虫访客对不断变化的天气条件的反应不同，这表明多样性可以降低授粉服务短缺的风险。例如，苍蝇在恶劣的天气和其他传粉者稀少的开花季节结束时访问作物花朵，因此可能提供独特的功能贡献。了解传粉者群体之间的差异如何增强对作物的授粉服务，加强了多物种管理的案例。我们提供的证据增加多样性和功能之间的联系，在真实的作物系统，突出的风险，取代所有授粉与管理的替代品。(C)2016 Gesellschaft fur Okologie.由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。All rights reserved.
Understanding the relative contributions of wild and managed pollinators, and the functional contributions made by a diverse pollinator community, is essential to the maintenance of yields in the 75% of our crops that benefit from insect pollination. We describe a field study and pollinator exclusion experiments conducted on two soft-fruit crops in a system with both wild and managed pollinators. We test whether fruit quality and quantity is limited by pollination, and whether different pollinating insects respond differently to varying weather conditions. Both strawberries and raspberries produced fewer marketable fruits when insects were excluded, demonstrating dependence on insect pollinators. Raspberries had a short flowering season which coincided with peak abundance of bees, and attracted many bees per flower. In contrast, strawberries had a much longer flowering season and appeared to be much less attractive to pollinators, so that ensuring adequate pollination is likely to be more challenging. The proportion of high-quality strawberries was positively related to pollinator abundance, suggesting that yield was limited by inadequate pollination on some farms. The relative abundance of different pollinator taxa visiting strawberries changed markedly through the season, demonstrating seasonal complementarity. Insect visitors responded differently to changing weather conditions suggesting that diversity can reduce the risk of pollination service shortfalls. For example, flies visited the crop flowers in poor weather and at the end of the flowering season when other pollinators were scarce, and so may provide a unique functional contribution. Understanding how differences between pollinator groups can enhance pollination services to crops strengthens the case for multiple species management. We provide evidence for the link between increased diversity and function in real crop systems, highlighting the risks of replacing all pollinators with managed alternatives. (C) 2016 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.