Practising childbirth activism: A politics of evidence
Practising childbirth activism: A politics of evidence
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DOI：
10.1057/biosoc.2014.5
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Arriscado Nunes, Joao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akrich, Madeleine;Leane, Maire;Arriscado Nunes, Joao
有关分娩组织的文献侧重于他们对分娩实践的医学定义的批评、他们促进“自然”或“正常”分娩的努力、他们对选择言论的拥护以及他们与女权主义的关系。然而，它却很少提及这些组织为实现其目标而采取的做法。我们对英国、爱尔兰、葡萄牙和法国的研究探讨了基于知识的活动对生育行动主义的核心作用。我们表明，通过这些活动，各组织 (i) 通过提供有关妇女分娩经历和产科实践的证据来引起公众的关注； (ii) 从妇女的角度提供有关产科实践的证据； (iii) 通过对科学文献的批判性评价来阐明产科实践的这一愿景； (iv) 建立具有相似关切和理念的参与者的国际网络。根据我们的经验数据，我们提出了基于证据的行动主义的概念，以便捕捉生育组织参与模式的特殊性并描述它们所带来的结果。通过基于证据的行动主义，分娩组织参与政策制定并被视为合法的利益相关者；重新界定所涉问题；与其他利益相关者进行公开辩论；并带来卫生系统的变化。基于知识的活动也塑造了组织的使命和目标。
The literature on childbirth organisations focuses on their critique of medical definitions of birth practices, their efforts to promote 'natural' or 'normal' birth, their espousal of choice rhetoric and their relationship to feminism. It says little, however, about the practices these organisations use to achieve their aims. Our study of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Portugal and France explores the centrality of knowledge-based activities to childbirth activism. Through these activities, we show, organisations (i) elicit the emergence of a concerned public through constituting evidence about women's experiences of childbirth and obstetric practices; (ii) produce evidence about obstetric practices from women's perspectives; (iii) articulate this vision of obstetric practices with a critical appraisal of scientific literature; and (iv) make visible international networks of actors who share similar concerns and conceptions. Drawing upon our empirical data we propose the notion of evidence-based activism in order to capture the specificity of birth organisations' modes of engagement and to describe what they bring about. Through evidence-based activism childbirth organisations get involved in policy making and become recognised as legitimate stakeholders; reframe the issues at stake; open debate with other stakeholders; and bring about changes in the health system. Knowledge-based activities also shape the missions and objectives of the organisations.