ORDERED MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES SYNTHESIZED BY A LIQUID-CRYSTAL TEMPLATE MECHANISM
ORDERED MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES SYNTHESIZED BY A LIQUID-CRYSTAL TEMPLATE MECHANISM
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DOI：
10.1038/359710a0
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发表时间：
1992-10-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
BECK, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KRESGE, CT;LEONOWICZ, ME;BECK, JS
已经发现微孔和中孔无机固体（孔径分别小于或等于20埃和约20-500埃）1由于其大的内表面积而作为催化剂和吸附介质具有很大的实用性。典型的微孔材料是结晶骨架固体，例如沸石2，但迄今发现的最大孔尺寸对于某些金属磷酸盐3 -5为约10-12埃，对于矿物钙钛矿6为约14埃。中孔固体的例子包括二氧化硅7和改性层状材料8 -11，但这些都是无定形或准晶的，具有不规则间隔和广泛分布的孔8，12。孔径可以通过层状硅酸盐与表面活性剂物质的插层来控制9，13，但最终产品部分保留了前体材料的层状性质。在这里，我们报告的介孔固体的合成从煅烧的铝硅酸盐凝胶在表面活性剂的存在下。材料14、15具有均匀通道的规则阵列，其尺寸可以通过选择表面活性剂、辅助化学品和反应条件来定制（在16埃至100埃或更大的范围内）。我们建议，这些材料的形成发生通过液晶“模板”机制，其中硅酸盐材料形成有序的表面活性剂胶束之间的无机壁。
MICROPOROUS and mesoporous inorganic solids (with pore diameters of less-than-or-equal-to 20 angstrom and approximately 20-500 angstrom respectively)1 have found great utility as catalysts and sorption media because of their large internal surface area. Typical microporous materials are the crystalline framework solids, such as zeolites2, but the largest pore dimensions found so far are approximately 10-12 angstrom for some metallophosphates3-5 and approximately 14 angstrom for the mineral cacoxenite6. Examples of mesoporous solids include silicas7 and modified layered materials8-11, but these are invariably amorphous or paracrystalline, with pores that are irregularly spaced and broadly distributed in size8,12. Pore size can be controlled by intercalation of layered silicates with a surfactant species9,13, but the final product retains, in part, the layered nature of the precursor material. Here we report the synthesis of mesoporous solids from the calcination of aluminosilicate gels in the presence of surfactants. The material14,15 possesses regular arrays of uniform channels, the dimensions of which can be tailored (in the range 16 angstrom to 100 angstrom or more) through the choice of surfactant, auxiliary chemicals and reaction conditions. We propose that the formation of these materials takes place by means of a liquid-crystal 'templating' mechanism, in which the silicate material forms inorganic walls between ordered surfactant micelles.