Characteristics of Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena fatua.
Characteristics of Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena fatua.
复制标题
f．对冠锈病的抗性特征
DOI：
10.1094/pdis-03-18-0528-re
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Paczos-Grzeda E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paczos-Grzeda E
冠锈病，由冠柄锈菌引起。麦长管蚜是燕麦上分布最广、危害最大的真菌病害。对病原体的最佳防御是使用具有遗传抗性的品种，这是有效、经济和环境友好的化学防治替代品。然而，病原体的不断进化可以迅速克服主要基因抗性，迫切需要确定新的来源。野生燕麦品种已经被证明是许多抗性基因的宝贵供体，但杂草物种野燕麦（Avena fatuare）尚未得到充分利用。它在多个环境中的丰度和除草剂抗性种群的频繁发生证明了它适应生物和非生物胁迫的能力;然而，令人惊讶的是，没有广泛的研究描述冠锈病抗性发生在A. fatua。对204份A.采用5个高度多样性的强毒小种，在苗期对美国农业部（USDA）和波兰国家植物遗传资源中心（NationalCentreforPlantGeneticResources）保藏的10个Fatuamained菌株的冠锈病反应进行了评价。coronata在测试的基因型中，85%表现出异质性感染模式，而61%对所有种族敏感或中度敏感。在79名抵抗者中，fatuaaccentures，幼苗至少对两种P. coronatasilanes在19份材料中被识别，其中13份材料对一个或两个小种表现出均匀的抗性表型。观察到对三个或四个菌株表现出多个单苗抗性的加入。根据幼苗对研究中使用的菌株的反应，确定了18个感染谱（IP）。利用UPGMA聚类，将抗性材料分为6个主要的聚类，包括具有相似IP的样品。18个模式中的12个使我们能够假设可能存在新的冠锈病抗性基因，其起源主要来自肯尼亚或埃及。未来的工作将阐明这里观察到的抗性的遗传基础，以及确认其在育种抗性燕麦品种的潜在效用。
Crown rust, caused byPuccinia coronataf. sp.avenae,is the most widespread and harmful fungal disease of oat. The best defense against the pathogen is use of cultivars with genetic resistance, which is effective, economic, and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control. However, the continuous evolution of the pathogen can rapidly overcome major gene resistance, creating an urgent need to identify new sources. Wild oat accessions have already proven to be valuable donors of many resistance genes, but the weed speciesAvena fatuaremains underexploited. Its abundance across multiple environments and the frequent occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations demonstrate its ready ability to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses; yet, surprisingly, there are no extensive studies which describe crown rust resistance occurrence in gene bank stocks ofA. fatua. In this study, 204 accessions ofA. fatuamaintained in the collections of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using host–pathogen tests with five highly diverse and virulent races ofP. coronata. Of tested genotypes, 85% showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, while 61% were susceptible or moderately susceptible to all races. Of the 79 resistantA. fatuaaccessions, seedling resistance to at least twoP. coronataisolates was recognized within 19 accessions, with 13 displaying a homogeneously resistant phenotype to one or two races. Accessions showing multiple single seedling resistance to three or four isolates were observed. Based on the seedling reaction to isolates used in the study, 18 infection profiles (IP) were determined. Using UPGMA clustering, resistant accessions were divided into six main clusters encompassing samples with similar IPs. Twelve of 18 patterns allowed us to postulate the likely presence of novel crown rust resistance genes, whose origin was predominantly from Kenya or Egypt. Future work will clarify the genetic basis of the resistances observed here, as well as confirm their potential utility in breeding resistant oat cultivars.