Computational Models of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Computational Models of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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DOI：
10.1177/1550059412445138
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Datta, Abhishek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bikson, Marom;Rahman, Asif;Datta, Abhishek
在经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）期间，可控剂量参数为电极数量（通常为1个阳极和1个阴极）、位置、尺寸、形状和施加的电流。由于不同的电极导联导致不同的脑电流模式，因此可以以应用特定的方式调整tDCS剂量参数，以靶向或避免特定的脑区域。虽然tDCS电极导联通常遵循基本的经验法则（在阳极/阴极电极"下方“增加/减少兴奋性），但脑电流的计算正向模型提供了对详细电流模式的更准确洞察，在某些情况下，甚至可以挑战简化的电极放置假设。随着人们越来越认识到计算前向模型在告知tDCS蒙太奇设计和结果解释方面的价值，建模工具最近取得了进展，出版物也越来越多。此外，可以考虑为潜在弱势人群（如颅骨缺损、脑损伤/卒中和极端年龄）定制tDCS的重要性。最后，计算模型可用于设计新的电极蒙太奇，例如，以改善空间靶向，如高清tDCS。在进一步验证和传播建模工具之前，神经调制的计算前向模型将成为指导临床试验和电疗优化的标准工具。
During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), controllable dose parameters are electrode number (typically 1 anode and 1 cathode), position, size, shape, and applied electric current. Because different electrode montages result in distinct brain current flow patterns across the brain, tDCS dose parameters can be adjusted, in an application-specific manner, to target or avoid specific brain regions. Though the tDCS electrode montage often follows basic rules of thumb (increased/decreased excitability "under" the anode/cathode electrode), computational forward models of brain current flow provide more accurate insight into detailed current flow patterns and, in some cases, can even challenge simplified electrode-placement assumptions. With the increased recognized value of computational forward models in informing tDCS montage design and interpretation of results, there have been recent advances in modeling tools and a greater proliferation of publications. In addition, the importance of customizing tDCS for potentially vulnerable populations (eg, skull defects, brain damage/stroke, and extremes of age) can be considered. Finally, computational models can be used to design new electrode montages, for example, to improve spatial targeting such as high-definition tDCS. Pending further validation and dissemination of modeling tools, computational forward models of neuromodulation will become standard tools to guide the optimization of clinical trials and electrotherapy.