Dissecting Latency in 360° Video Camera Sensing Systems.

Dissecting Latency in 360° Video Camera Sensing Systems.
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DOI:
10.3390/s22166001
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发表时间:
2022-08-11
期刊:
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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360°摄像机传感是一种越来越受欢迎的技术。与传统的2D视频系统相比,确保360°视频摄像机感测中的观看体验具有挑战性,因为大量全向数据对启动延迟、事件到眼睛延迟和帧速率产生不利影响。因此,了解360°摄像机感知中计算任务的时间消耗成为改善系统延迟性能和观看体验的前提。尽管之前对360°视频系统进行了测量研究,但没有一个深入研究系统管道并在任务级别剖析延迟。在本文中,我们对360°视频摄像机感知的任务级时间消耗进行了首次深入的测量研究。我们首先确定这三个延迟度量和整个系统计算任务的时间消耗之间的微妙关系。接下来,我们开发了一个开放的研究原型宙斯在各种现实的使用场景中描述这种关系。我们对任务级时间消耗的测量表明了相机CPU-GPU传输和服务器初始化的重要性,以及360°视频拼接对延迟指标的影响可以忽略不计。最后,我们将Zeus与商业系统进行了比较,以验证我们的结果具有代表性,可以用于改进当今的360°视频摄像机传感系统。
360° video camera sensing is an increasingly popular technology. Compared with traditional 2D video systems, it is challenging to ensure the viewing experience in 360° video camera sensing because the massive omnidirectional data introduce adverse effects on start-up delay, event-to-eye delay, and frame rate. Therefore, understanding the time consumption of computing tasks in 360° video camera sensing becomes the prerequisite to improving the system’s delay performance and viewing experience. Despite the prior measurement studies on 360° video systems, none of them delves into the system pipeline and dissects the latency at the task level. In this paper, we perform the first in-depth measurement study of task-level time consumption for 360° video camera sensing. We start with identifying the subtle relationship between the three delay metrics and the time consumption breakdown across the system computing task. Next, we develop an open research prototype Zeus to characterize this relationship in various realistic usage scenarios. Our measurement of task-level time consumption demonstrates the importance of the camera CPU-GPU transfer and the server initialization, as well as the negligible effect of 360° video stitching on the delay metrics. Finally, we compare Zeus with a commercial system to validate that our results are representative and can be used to improve today’s 360° video camera sensing systems.
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