Alkaloid Production From Papaver Tissue Cultures
Alkaloid Production From Papaver Tissue Cultures
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从罂粟组织培养物中生产生物碱
DOI：
10.1021/np50021a004
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Amin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Staba;S. Zito;M. Amin
美国明尼苏达大学明尼阿波利斯分校药学院生药学系，邮编：56455摘要：罂粟细胞悬浮培养、带有愈伤组织生长的根的悬浮培养和含有胚状体和芽的悬浮培养。生物碱分析采用薄层层析和反相高压液相色谱检测到新梢培养物中含有0.007%的茶碱。还建立了罂粟细胞悬浮培养和含有愈伤组织生长根的悬浮培养。罂粟碱是鸦片类生物碱、可待因和吗啡的重要来源。毛白杨P.bratentum Lindl.是这些生物碱的另一个重要来源，因为成熟的胶囊含有高达3.5%的茶碱，纯度为95%(1，2)。用标准的化学程序可以很容易地将茶碱转化为可待因。罂粟的组织培养可能为这些生物碱提供替代来源(2)。罂粟的组织培养在改良的Murashige和Skoog培养基(修订的烟草培养基)和草原地区实验室B-5培养基(4)上进行。体外培养的罂粟愈伤组织产生低浓度的生物碱，很少产生菲型(吗啡)生物碱(5)。细胞内积累的生物碱有阿朴吗啡(6种)、原阿片类(7种)、苯并菲(8种)、邻苯二甲酸异喹啉(5种、9种)和苄基异喹啉(9种)。不存在转化(-)-R-网状酸的酶(见图3)。1)可能是菲生物碱产生不足的原因(10)。一些培养物将茶碱生物转化为可待因(11)或可待酮生物转化为可待因(10)的能力有限，而培养物本身不产生任何菲生物碱。
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 56455 abstract.—Papaver bracteatum was established as cell suspension culture, as suspension culture with callus grown roots, and as suspension culture containing embryoids and shoots. Alkaloid analysisusing thin layer chromatography and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography detected the presence of thebaine (0.007%) in shoot cultures. Papaver somniferum cell suspension cultures and suspen-sion cultures containing callus grown roots were established also. Cryptopine was isolated and identified by its mass spectrum.Papaver somniferum L. is the most important source of the opium alkaloids codeine and morphine. P. bracteatum Lindl. is another important source of these alkaloids because the mature capsule contains up to 3.5% thebaine at a purity of 95%(1, 2). Thebaine is readily converted to codeine by standardchemical pro-cedures. Tissue cultures of Papaver may provide an alternative source for these alkaloids (2). Tissue cultures of Papaver have been grown in modified Murashige and Skoog Medium (revised tobacco medium) and Prairie Regional Laboratory B-5 Medium (4). Papaver callus grown in vitro produced alkaloids in low con-centrations, phenanthrine-type (morphine) alkaloids were produced infrequently (5). However, the spectrum of alkaloids accumulated in the cells included aporphine (6), protopine (7), benzophenanthrine (8), phthalideisoquinoline (5, 9) and benzylisoquinoline types (9). Absence of enzymes for the conversion of (—)-R-reticuline (see fig. 1) may be responsible for thedeficiency in phenanthrine alkaloid production (10). Some cultures have a limited capacity to biotransform thebaine to codeine (11) or codeinone to codeine (10), while the cultures themselvesdo not produce any phenanthrine alkaloids.