Orientation to the sun by animals and its interaction with crypsis.
Orientation to the sun by animals and its interaction with crypsis.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12481
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Harris JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Penacchio O;Cuthill IC;Lovell PG;Ruxton GD;Harris JM
在许多物种中已经观察到与太阳有关的方向，并且通常从体温调节和/或紫外线保护的角度来解释。对于反荫蔽的动物，相对于太阳的方向也可能来自于利用最佳颜色梯度以增强隐蔽性的压力。在这里，我们使用计算模型来预测一个定向体的最佳反遮光模式。我们使用结合现实照明环境的计算模型来评估伪装性能如何随着方向变化而下降。一旦选择了最佳的隐密反遮阳模式，我们分别确定紫外线防护/照射和太阳热流入如何随朝向波动。我们表明，可以最佳地使用反遮阳来增强隐性的身体方向与允许最佳太阳热流入和紫外线保护的身体方向非常相似。我们的研究结果表明，隐隐作为一种对取向的选择压力被忽视了，应该设计新的实验来梳理这些不同选择压力的各自作用。我们提出了可以实现这一目标的潜在实验。
Orientation with respect to the sun has been observed in a wide range of species and has generally been interpreted in terms of thermoregulation and/or ultraviolet (UV) protection. For countershaded animals, orientation with respect to the sun may also result from the pressure to exploit the gradient of coloration optimally to enhance crypsis. Here, we use computational modelling to predict the optimal countershading pattern for an oriented body. We assess how camouflage performance declines as orientation varies using a computational model that incorporates realistic lighting environments. Once an optimal countershading pattern for crypsis has been chosen, we determine separately how UV protection/irradiation and solar thermal inflow fluctuate with orientation. We show that body orientations that could optimally use countershading to enhance crypsis are very similar to those that allow optimal solar heat inflow and UV protection. Our findings suggest that crypsis has been overlooked as a selective pressure on orientation and that new experiments should be designed to tease apart the respective roles of these different selective pressures. We propose potential experiments that could achieve this.