Motor development: The control of action.
Motor development: The control of action.
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运动发育：动作的控制。
DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.25.6.867
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
H. Pick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Pick
传统的运动行为研究的特点是仔细而详细地观察不同类型的运动序列形式的渐进性变化。这些动作包括抓取、爬行、攀登等动作。这种耐心和严谨的观察是优秀科学的支柱，也是当前运动发育研究的重要组成部分。然而，这种观察现在经常得到方便的录像和数字化运动记录和计算机化的运动分析系统的帮助。此外，当前的研究主题通常被放在功能行为的更广泛的实践背景下，以及感知、认知和社会行为的更广泛的理论背景中来考虑。这些发展开始使该领域对运动发展的过程和运动控制的组织有了相当深刻的理解。这期特刊的目的是提供对当前研究的说明性一瞥，以展示这些实证分析如何改变我们对儿童运动活动的看法，并导致对其发展的更好的理论理解。除了它们在方法论上的贡献外，计算机在构建和操作机器人方面的应用强调了即使是我们最简单的行为的奇妙的复杂性。对于高度工程化的计算机和机器人来说，伸手、抓取或爬行和行走，这些幼儿和蹒跚学步的孩子都可以相当熟练地做到这一点，这是相当困难的。心理学家并不总是，甚至不经常，对我们人类的运动成就如此敬畏。虽然在心理学史的早期，人们对运动表现及其发展有一些兴趣，但焦点问题是运动发展与心理发展的其他方面之间的关系。这种方法倾向于描述性和相关性(Burton，1986)。后来，仔细的描述继续进行，但观察更加详细，过程或机制成为焦点问题。经典的研究就是从这样的角度完成的，例如贝利(1935)、麦格劳(1935)和哈尔弗森(1931)。
The traditional study of motor behavior was characterized by careful and detailed observations of the progressive changes in form of different kinds of motor sequences. These included actions like grasping, crawling, climbing, and so forth. Such patient and exacting observation is the mainstay of good science and is an important component of the current study of motor development. However, that kind of observation is now often aided by the convenience of videotaping and the power of digitizing movement recording and computerized motion analysis systems. Moreover, current topics of study are often considered in a wider practical context of functional behavior and a wider theoretical context of perceptual, cognitive, and social behavior. These developments are beginning to reward the field with a rather profound understanding of the course of motor development and the organization of motor control. The purpose of this special issue is to provide illustrative glimpses into current research to show how these empirical analyses are changing our view of the motor activity of children and are leading to a better theoretical understanding of its development.Besides their methodological contribution, the application of computers to the construction and operation of robots has emphasized the wonderful complexity of even our simplest behavior. Reaching and grasping or crawling and walking, which young infants and toddlers can do with considerable proficiency, are quite problematic for highly engineered computers and robots. Psychologists were not always, or even often, in such awe of the motor accomplishments of our species. Although early in the history of psychology there was some interest in motor performance and its development, the question of focus was the relation between motor development and other aspects of psychological development. The approach tended to be descriptive and correlational (Burton, 1986). Later, careful description continued, but the observations were more detailed, and process or mechanism became the focal question. Classic studies were accomplished from such a perspective, for example, Bayley (1935), McGraw (1935), and Halverson (1931).