Epidemiological characters and clinical features of human rabies in Tianjin, 2005-2017
Epidemiological characters and clinical features of human rabies in Tianjin, 2005-2017
复制标题
2005-2017年天津市人狂犬病流行病学特征及临床特征
DOI：
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4092.2018.04.012
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yi;Jie Lyv;Cheng
目的
目的分析天津市2005-2017年人间狂犬病病例的流行病学特征，为狂犬病防控提供科学依据。
方法
天津市2005 - 2017年人间狂犬病病例流行病学资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统。本文叙述了狂犬病的流行情况和人间病例的临床特点。
结果
2005-2017年天津市共报告人间狂犬病病例85例，年发病率为0.05/10万。每个月都有狂犬病病例报告。大多数病例是农民和移徙工人，尤其是男性（男女比例：3.3：1）。45-59岁年龄组占50.6%。78例病例是通过狗咬伤暴露的，而这些狗都没有接种疫苗。手是最常见的暴露部位（62.5%，50/80）。暴露后46.3%（37/80）的患者未采取任何措施。仅1例接受了适当标准化的PEP。潜伏期为9.0 ~ 1461.0 d，中位数为60.5 d。不同接触部位的平均潜伏期差异有统计学意义（H=17.80，P<0.001）。
结论
农村仍是天津市人间狂犬病防控的重点地区。开展狂犬病健康教育和建立规范化的暴露后预防门诊是有效措施。
关键词：
狂犬病;流行病学;暴露后预防诊所
Objective
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human cases of rabies in Tianjin during 2005-2017, so as to provide scientific basis for the disease control.
Methods
The epidemiological data of human cases of rabies from 2005 to 2017 in Tianjin were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemics of rabies and clinical features of human cases were described.
Results
Eighty-five human cases of rabies were reported in Tianjin from 2005-2017 and the annual incidence was 0.05/100 000. Rabies cases were reported every month. The majority of cases were farmers and migrant workers, especially males (male-to-female ratio: 3.3:1). Patients of 45-59 years old accounted for 50.6% of all the cases. Seventy-eight cases were exposed by dog bites while none of these dogs were vaccinated. Hand was the most common exposure site (62.5%, 50/80). After exposure, 46.3% (37/80) of the patients did nothing for the wounds. Only 1 case received properly standardized PEP. The incubation period was from 9.0 to 1 461.0 days and the median value was 60.5 days. There was statistically significant difference in average incubation period of different exposure sites (H=17.80, P<0.001).
Conclusions
Rural area was still the most important site for prevention and control of human cases of rabies in Tianjin. Health education on rabies and construction of standardized post-exposure prophylaxis clinics are the effective measures.
Key words:
Rabies; Epidemiology; Post-exposure prophylaxis clinics