Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Kluyveromyces marxianus and Torulaspora delbrueckii Isolated from Iraqi Date Vinegar
Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Kluyveromyces marxianus and Torulaspora delbrueckii Isolated from Iraqi Date Vinegar
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DOI：
10.22207/jpam.15.1.23
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Abbas, Zainab A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Qaysi, Safaa A. S.;Abdullah, Noor M.;Abbas, Zainab A.
酵母菌广泛分布于各种环境中，已被报道为潜在的植物病原真菌的生物防治剂。从15个枣醋样品中分离到32株酵母菌，对其酶学性质和生物学活性进行了研究。通过对分离的酵母菌对植物病原菌尖孢镰刀菌、核盘菌和菜豆大茎点霉的拮抗活性评价，发现有两株酵母菌对植物病原菌的拮抗作用最强，经传统方法和分子生物学方法鉴定，这两株酵母菌分别为马克斯克鲁维酵母和德氏圆孢酵母。对这些酵母分离物进行真菌细胞壁降解酶（体外）测试，结果表明酵母具有强的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性以及中等的几丁质酶和纤维素酶活性。使用双重培养技术评估每种酵母的拮抗活性。结果表明，K. marxianus对F. oxysporium、尖孢木霉S. sclerotiorum和M. phaseolina分别提高70.5、57.5和75.5%，而T. delbrueckii抑制F. oxysporum、尖孢木霉S. sclerotiorum和M.菜豆分别提高55.3%、66.2%和31.11%。生物膜形成实验表明，供试酵母菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗作用可能是通过生物膜的形成来实现的。
Yeasts are distributed in all environments and have been reported as potential biocontrol agents against various phytopathogenic fungi. To investigate their enzymatic and biological activities, 32 yeasts were isolated from 15 date vinegar samples. Evaluation of the antagonistic activities of isolated yeasts against the plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporium, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Macrophomina phaseolina indicated that there are two yeasts had the highest inhibitory effect against plant pathogens, these yeasts identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus and Torulaspora delbrueckii using traditional and molecular methods. These yeast isolates were tested for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (in vitro), and results indicated that the yeasts had strong protease and amylase enzyme activity and moderate chitinase and cellulase enzyme activity. The antagonistic activities of each yeast were evaluated using a dual culture technique. The results showed that K. marxianus inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporium, S. sclerotiorum, and M. phaseolina by 70.5, 57.5, and 75.5%, respectively, whereas T. delbrueckii inhibited mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, S. sclerotiorum, and M. phaseolina by 55.3%, 66.2%, and 31.11%, respectively. The biofilm production assay indicated that the tested yeast could form biofilms as a mechanism of antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi.