Ultramafics-Hydrothermalism-Hydrogenesis-HyperSLiME (UltraH3) linkage: a key insight into early microbial ecosystem in the Archean deep-sea hydrothermal systems
Ultramafics-Hydrothermalism-Hydrogenesis-HyperSLiME (UltraH3) linkage: a key insight into early microbial ecosystem in the Archean deep-sea hydrothermal systems
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DOI：
10.2517/prpsj.10.269
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发表时间：
2006-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Takai;Kentaro Nakamura;Katsuhiko Suzuki;F. Inagaki;K. Nealson;H. Kumagai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Takai;Kentaro Nakamura;Katsuhiko Suzuki;F. Inagaki;K. Nealson;H. Kumagai
摘要自20世纪70年代末深海热液系统被发现以来，人们一直认为它可能是地球生命起源和早期演化的候选者。然而，虽然后来的调查显示现代深海热液生态系统的多样性很大，但它们对生命、新陈代谢、细胞或群落的起源和早期进化问题几乎没有什么帮助。系统发育、生物化学和地球化学的线索似乎都指向了早期的氢营养化能无机自养进化，如甲烷生成和硫还原，从而精确地指出氢的可用性是地球生命早期进化所需的关键元素之一。氢驱动的，光合作用独立的社区是非常罕见的当代地球上，然而，被明确地发现，只有在地下环境中的H2为主的热液系统。这样的系统被称为超嗜热地下岩石自养微生物生态系统（HyperSLiME）（Takai等人，2004; Nealson等人，2005年）。丰富的氢和可用的无机碳源的供应，以动力这样的社区是最有可能耦合到热液蛇纹化的超镁铁岩和岩浆挥发物的输入，这两者都与特定的地质环境。根据现代地球的研究结果和对太古代地球深海热液系统的影响，我们认为“超镁铁质-热液作用-氢生成-超SLiME”（我们称之为Ultra H3）为太古代地球早期微生物生态系统提供了适宜的生境。
ABSTRACT Since their discovery in the late 1970s, deep-sea hydrothermal systems have been considered as likely candidates for the origin and early evolution of life on Earth. However, while subsequent investigations have revealed a great diversity of modern deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems, they have done little to shed light on the issues of the origin and early evolution of life, metabolism, cells, or communities. Phylogenetic, biochemical and geochemical clues all seem to point to the early evolution of hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy such as methanogenesis and sulfurreduction, thus pinpointing the availability of hydrogen as one of the key elements needed for the early evolution of earthly life. Hydrogen-driven, photosynthesis-independent communities are very rare on the contemporary Earth, however, being unambiguously found only in subsurface environments of H2-dominated hydrothermal systems. Such systems have been termed hyperthermophilic subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems (HyperSLiMEs) (Takai et al., 2004; Nealson et al., 2005). The supply of abundant hydrogen and available inorganic carbon sources to power such communities is most likely coupled to hydrothermal serpentinization of ultramafic rocks and input of magmatic volatiles, both of which are related to specific geological settings. We propose here, on the basis of findings in the modern Earth and implications for the deep-sea hydrothermal systems in the Archean Earth, that “Ultramafics-Hydrothermalism-Hydrogenesis-HyperSLiME”, a linkage we refer to as Ultra H3, provided a suitable habitat for the early microbial ecosystem on the Archean Earth.