Timing of head turns to upcoming talkers in triadic conversation: Evidence for prediction of turn ends and interruptions.
Timing of head turns to upcoming talkers in triadic conversation: Evidence for prediction of turn ends and interruptions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061582
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Culling, John F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hadley, Lauren V;Culling, John F
在对话中，人们能够听到话语并在短短几百毫秒内做出反应。即使是简单的话语，也需要花费更长的时间来准备，这表明对话者可能会利用对谈话者何时结束的预测。但不仅是即将到来的讲话者需要预测前一个讲话者的结局，只是跟随对话的听众也可以从预测转弯结束中受益，以便通过转弯开关适当地转移注意力。在本文中，我们通过分析自然对话，研究了人们在观看他人之间的对话轮次切换时是否预测即将到来的轮次结束。这些对话是在不同噪音级别和类型的三合会老年人之间进行的。该分析的重点是观察者在其他两方之间轮换时使用头部方向（即从一个谈话者到下一个谈话者的扫视）来识别他们的焦点何时从一个谈话者转移到下一个谈话者。对于非重叠的话语，观察者在前一个讲话者说完之前就开始转向下一个讲话者，有 17% 的转向切换时间（考虑到运动计划时间，这一比例高达 26%）。对于重叠的话语，观察者在 18% 的转向开关打断之前就开始转向中断器（考虑到运动计划时间，这一比例高达 33%）。在较低噪声水平下，头部转动的时间比在较高噪声水平下更加精确，并且不受噪声类型的影响。这些发现表明，在自然的群体对话情境中，听众经常会表现出头部动作，以预测一个对话的结束和另一个对话的开始。此外，这项工作证明了分析头部运动作为社会注意力线索的价值，这可能与推进听力设备等通信技术相关。
In conversation, people are able to listen to an utterance and respond within only a few hundred milliseconds. It takes substantially longer to prepare even a simple utterance, suggesting that interlocutors may make use of predictions about when the talker is about to end. But it is not only the upcoming talker that needs to anticipate the prior talker ending—listeners that are simply following the conversation could also benefit from predicting the turn end in order to shift attention appropriately with the turn switch. In this paper, we examined whether people predict upcoming turn ends when watching conversational turns switch between others by analysing natural conversations. These conversations were between triads of older adults in different levels and types of noise. The analysis focused on the observer during turn switches between the other two parties using head orientation (i.e. saccades from one talker to the next) to identify when their focus moved from one talker to the next. For non-overlapping utterances, observers started to turn to the upcoming talker before the prior talker had finished speaking in 17% of turn switches (going up to 26% when accounting for motor-planning time). For overlapping utterances, observers started to turn towards the interrupter before they interrupted in 18% of turn switches (going up to 33% when accounting for motor-planning time). The timing of head turns was more precise at lower than higher noise levels, and was not affected by noise type. These findings demonstrate that listeners in natural group conversation situations often exhibit head movements that anticipate the end of one conversational turn and the beginning of another. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the value of analysing head movement as a cue to social attention, which could be relevant for advancing communication technology such as hearing devices.