A Change of Mind: Applying Social and Behavioral Research Methods to the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Ocean Literacy Initiatives
A Change of Mind: Applying Social and Behavioral Research Methods to the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Ocean Literacy Initiatives
复制标题
思想的转变：应用社会和行为研究方法评估海洋扫盲倡议的有效性
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00288
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发表时间：
2019-06-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fletcher, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashley, Matthew;Pahl, Sabine;Fletcher, Stephen
环境素养和海洋素养评估的重点是增加知识和意识。海洋素养倡议的目标是最终使行为改变（公民采取直接和可持续的行动），以实现海洋环境问题的可持续解决方案。社会和行为研究方法的应用提供了强有力的工具，用于评估海洋扫盲举措是否有效地提高了参与者对问题、其原因和后果以及实现可持续解决方案所需的行为或行动的知识和认识。社会和行为研究方法还提供了一种评估态度变化的方法，这是行为变化的关键预测因素，并最终提供了一种评估参与者预期和报告行为变化的方法。我们提出了一个框架，将社会和行为的研究方法纳入评估海洋素养举措的有效性。之前和之后的评估，我们进行开发现有的环境素养和海洋素养的评估方法，通过整合社会和行为的研究方法，以评估行为变化的关键预测因素。我们在变革理论逻辑模型中构建了评估方法，为系统评估海洋扫盲举措和工具提供了一个协议。特别是那些旨在促进预先确定的行为者的具体行为改变目标的活动。使用该框架评估了针对进入航运业的专业人员的教育培训课程（针对减少入侵物种传播的行为）以及针对学生（11-15岁和16-18岁）的教育研讨会，这些研讨会涉及海洋垃圾和微塑料相关问题以及潜在的解决方案。通过调查前后，参与者报告说，在与地平线2020年海洋扫盲项目ResponSEAble开发的成套工具互动后，认识和知识有所增加，支持采取行动减少对海洋环境的影响的态度也有所增加。结果证明，必须针对特定受众，提供量身定制的海洋扫盲工具，必须在更广泛的海洋扫盲原则范围内，向行为体通报问题和解决办法。
Assessment of environmental literacy and ocean literacy focus on increasing knowledge and awareness. The goal of ocean literacy initiatives is ultimately to enable behavior change (whereby citizens take direct and sustainable action) to achieve sustainable solutions to marine environment issues. The application of social and behavioral research methods provides powerful tools for assessing if ocean literacy initiatives are effective at increasing participant's knowledge and awareness of an issue, its causes and consequences and behaviors or actions required to enable sustainable solutions. Social and behavioral research methods also provide a means of assessing changes in attitude, a key predictor of behavior change, and ultimately a means of assessing changes in a participants intended and reported behaviors. We present a framework to integrate social and behavioral research methods within assessment of the effectiveness of ocean literacy initiatives. The before and after assessment we undertake develops existing environmental literacy and ocean literacy assessment approaches by integrating social and behavioral research methods to assess key predictors of behavior change. We structured the assessment methodology within a Theory of Change logic model, to provide a protocol for systematic evaluation of ocean literacy initiatives and tools. Specifically those aimed at promoting specific behavior change objectives for pre-identified actors. Assessment of educational training courses for professionals entering the shipping industry (targeting behaviors to reduce the spread of invasive species), and educational workshops for school students (aged 11-15 and 16-18), on problems related to marine litter and microplastics and potential solutions were assessed using the framework. Through before and after surveys, an increase in awareness, knowledge and an increase in attitudes supporting action to reduce impacts on the marine environment were reported by participants, after interaction with sets of tools developed by the Horizon 2020 Ocean Literacy project ResponSEAble. Results supported the importance of targeting specific audiences with tailored ocean literacy tools and the importance of informing actors of issues and solutions within the context of wider ocean literacy principles.