Quantum chaos, thermalization, and entanglement generation in real-time simulations of the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind matrix model

Quantum chaos, thermalization, and entanglement generation in real-time simulations of the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind matrix model
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Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind 矩阵模型实时模拟中的量子混沌、热化和纠缠生成

DOI:
10.1103/physrevd.99.046011
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Buividovich P
Buividovich P
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Buividovich P

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在考虑Lyapunov指数、纠缠产生和拟正态环的情况下,研究了有费米子和没有费米子的Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind (BFSS)矩阵模型中混沌和热化的开始。我们用最一般的高斯密度矩阵来近似实时动力学,其参数服从自洽运动方程,从而将实时仿真的适用性扩展到经典极限之外。这些高斯密度矩阵的初始值被优化到尽可能接近系统的热平衡状态。因此,试图在具有可计算全息描述的低能状态和高能的经典状态之间建立桥梁,我们发现经典动力学的量子修正倾向于降低Lyapunov指数,这对于在低温下与Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford界保持一致至关重要。发现纠缠熵表现出预期的“混乱”行为-快速初始增长随后饱和。至少在高温下,纠缠饱和时间似乎受经典李亚普诺夫指数的支配。发现准正态模的衰减具有最短时间尺度的特征。我们还发现,当玻色子矩阵模型在低温状态下变得非混沌时,对于含费米子的全BFSS模型,在最低温度下,超前Lyapunov指数、纠缠饱和时间和准正态模式的衰减率都保持有限和非零。
We study numerically the onset of chaos and thermalization in the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind (BFSS) matrix model with and without fermions, considering Lyapunov exponents, entanglement generation, and quasinormal ringing. We approximate the real-time dynamics in terms of the most general Gaussian density matrices with parameters which obey self-consistent equations of motion, thus extending the applicability of real-time simulations beyond the classical limit. Initial values of these Gaussian density matrices are optimized to be as close as possible to the thermal equilibrium state of the system. Thus attempting to bridge between the low-energy regime with a calculable holographic description and the classical regime at high energies, we find that quantum corrections to classical dynamics tend to decrease the Lyapunov exponents, which is essential for consistency with the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford bound at low temperatures. The entanglement entropy is found to exhibit an expected “scrambling” behavior—rapid initial growth followed by saturation. At least at high temperatures the entanglement saturation time appears to be governed by classical Lyapunov exponents. Decay of quasinormal modes is found to be characterized by the shortest timescale of all. We also find that while the bosonic matrix model becomes nonchaotic in the low-temperature regime, for the full BFSS model with fermions the leading Lyapunov exponent, entanglement saturation time, and decay rate of quasinormal modes all remain finite and nonzero down to the lowest temperatures.
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