The DASH diet, sodium intake and blood pressure trial (DASH-sodium): Rationale and design
The DASH diet, sodium intake and blood pressure trial (DASH-sodium): Rationale and design
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00423-x
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Laws, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svetkey, LP;Sacks, FM;Laws, RL
DASH 饮食、钠摄入量和血压试验 (DASH-Sodium) 是一项多中心、随机试验，比较 3 种钠摄入量和 2 种饮食模式对血压高于最佳血压或 1 期高血压 (120-159/80-95 mm Hg) 的成人血压的影响。这两种饮食模式是许多美国人所吃的典型控制饮食，以及 DASH 饮食，相比之下，DASH 饮食强调水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品，包括全谷物、家禽、鱼和坚果，并减少脂肪、红肉、甜食和含糖饮料的摄入。 3 种钠含量被定义为较高（美国当前消费的典型水平）、中等（反映美国当前建议的上限）和较低（反映潜在的最佳水平）。使用平行组设计将参与者随机分配到 2 种饮食模式中的一种，并使用随机交叉设计分别喂食 3 种钠水平。该研究为参与者提供了为期 2 周的磨合喂养期和三个 30 天的干预喂养期的所有食物。参与者每周 5 天、每天到诊所吃 1 餐，并带回家食物作为其他餐食。监测体重并调整个人能量摄入以维持基线体重。主要结果是在每个干预喂养期结束时测量的收缩压。比较每种饮食中 3 种钠水平以及每种钠水平中 2 种饮食的收缩压。如果之前在临床试验中观察到的效果是相加的，那么减少钠摄入和 DASH 饮食的结合可能会将血压降低到非药物治疗尚未证实的程度。 DASH-Sodium 结果将对高血压的预防和治疗产生重要影响。
The DASH Diet, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure Trial (DASH-Sodium) is a multicenter, randomized trial comparing the effects of 3 levels of sodium intake and 2 dietary patterns on blood pressure among adults with higher than optimal blood pressure or with stage 1 hypertension (120-159/80-95 mm Hg). The 2 dietary patterns are a control diet typical of what many Americans eat, and the DASH diet, which, by comparison, emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, includes whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, and is reduced in fats, red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. The 3 sodium levels are defined as higher (typical of current US consumption), intermediate (reflecting the upper limit of current US recommendations), and lower (reflecting potentially optimal levels). Participants are randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 dietary patterns using a parallel group design and are fed each of the 3 sodium levels using a randomized crossover design. The study provides participants with all of their food during a 2-week run-in feeding period and three 30-day intervention feeding periods. Participants attend the clinic for 1 meal per day, 5 days per week, and take home food for other meals. Weight is monitored and individual energy intake adjusted to maintain baseline weight. The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure measured at the end of each intervention feeding period. Systolic blood pressure is compared across the 3 sodium levels within each diet and across the 2 diets within each sodium level. If effects previously observed in clinical trials are additive, sodium reduction and the DASH diet together may lower blood pressure to an extent not as yet demonstrated for nonpharmacologic treatment. The DASH-Sodium results will have important implications for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.