On the capabilities and limitations of GCCM simulations of summertime regional air quality: A diagnostic analysis of ozone and temperature simulations in the US using CESM CAM-Chem
On the capabilities and limitations of GCCM simulations of summertime regional air quality: A diagnostic analysis of ozone and temperature simulations in the US using CESM CAM-Chem
复制标题
GCCM 模拟夏季区域空气质量的能力和局限性：使用 CESM CAM-Chem 对美国臭氧和温度模拟进行诊断分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.001
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Brown‐Steiner;P. Hess;M. Lin
我们对四种不同配置的全球气候化学模式（GCCM）和具有详细对流层化学的社区地球系统模式（CESM）模拟的臭氧化学进行了诊断分析。本研究的目的是通过评估GCCMs模拟当前化学的能力来评估它们模拟未来臭氧化学的能力。为了解决这个问题，我们选择了CESM的四种配置，它们在气象学（分析与模拟的气象场）、垂直水平的数量以及冰和海洋模式的耦合方面有所不同。我们使用与评估未来臭氧变化相关的各种性能指标，根据美国不同地区的CASTNET臭氧观测，应用混合模式统计来评估这些不同的配置。其中包括：平均偏差和年际变率、臭氧对排放变化的响应、臭氧对温度变化的响应和臭氧极值。使用这些指标，我们发现，尽管使用分析气象学的配置最好地模拟温度，但它并不优于在其他指标中使用模拟气象学的配置。所有配置都无法捕捉1995-2005年期间美国东部观测到的臭氧减少和臭氧南北梯度。我们发现具有56个垂直水平的模拟气象配置在捕获观测到的臭氧-温度关系和极值方面明显优于除了包含26个垂直水平之外的相同配置。我们建议在使用GCCMs模拟地表化学时要谨慎，因为各种模式参数的差异会对所得的化学和气候变量产生重大影响。异戊二烯的排放在很大程度上取决于地表温度，由此产生的臭氧化学反应既取决于异戊二烯的排放，也取决于云量、光解作用、垂直层数和气象学的选择。在解释GCCM结果时必须考虑到这些依赖关系。
We conduct a diagnostic analysis of ozone chemistry simulated by four different configurations of a Global Climate-Chemistry Model (GCCM), the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with detailed tropospheric chemistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of GCCMs to simulate future ozone chemistry by evaluating their ability to simulate present-day chemistry. To address this we chose four configurations of the CESM that differ in their meteorology (analyzed versus simulated meteorological fields), number of vertical levels, and the coupling of the ice and ocean models. We apply mixed model statistics to evaluate these different configurations against CASTNET ozone observations within different regions of the US by using various performance metrics relevant to evaluating future ozone changes. These include: mean biases and interannual variability, the ozone response to emission changes, the ozone response to temperature changes and ozone extreme values. Using these metrics, we find that although the configuration using analyzed meteorology best simulates temperatures it does not outperform a configuration with simulated meteorology in other metrics. All configurations are unable to capture observed ozone decreases and the ozone north-south gradient over the eastern US during 1995–2005. We find that the configuration with simulated meteorology with 56 vertical levels is markedly better in capturing observed ozone-temperature relationships and extreme values than a configuration that is identical except that it contains 26 vertical levels. We recommend caution in the use of GCCMs in simulating surface chemistry as differences in a variety of model parameters have a significant impact on the resulting chemical and climate variables. Isoprene emissions depend strongly on surface temperature and the resulting ozone chemistry is dependent on isoprene emissions but also on cloud cover, photolysis, the number of vertical levels, and the choice of meteorology. These dependencies must be accounted for in the interpretation of GCCM results.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Hilboll, A.;Richter, A.;Burrows, J. P.
通讯作者：
Burrows, J. P.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Hecht, M. H.;Marshall, J.;Woida, P. M.
通讯作者：
Woida, P. M.