TRAINING AND STROOP-LIKE INTERFERENCE - EVIDENCE FOR A CONTINUUM OF AUTOMATICITY
TRAINING AND STROOP-LIKE INTERFERENCE - EVIDENCE FOR A CONTINUUM OF AUTOMATICITY
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.14.1.126
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
DUNBAR, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MACLEOD, CM;DUNBAR, K
三个实验不同的程度的实践模拟的Stroop颜色词任务。每个实验都包括四个阶段：（a）四种熟悉颜色的基线命名，（B）通过使用相同四种颜色的名称来一致地命名四种新形状的训练，（c）当颜色以形状的形式出现时命名，以及（d）当形状以颜色出现时命名。在实验1中，与长达2小时的训练形状命名，颜色命名速度远远快于形状。仅在第4阶段观察到干扰。在实验2中，5小时的训练，形状命名加快，但仍然慢于颜色命名。然而，在第3和第4阶段存在对称干扰，并且在3个月后没有进一步训练的情况下持续存在。实验3复制了这种模式，然后延长实践到20小时，由时间形状和颜色命名同样迅速。20小时后，干扰只出现在第3阶段，扭转了原来的不对称。整体模式不符合简单的处理速度帐户的干扰。另一种想法的一个连续的自动性的训练的直接后果仍然是合理的，这种观点的影响被认为是。
Three experiments varied the extent of practice in an analog of the Stroop color-word task. Each experiment involved four phases:(a) baseline naming of four familiar colors,(b) training in consistently naming four novel shapes by using the names of the same four colors,(c) naming the colors when they appeared in the form of the shapes, and (d) naming the shapes when they appeared in color. In Experiment 1, with up to 2 hr of training in shape naming, colors were named much faster than shapes. Interference was observed only in Phase 4. In Experiment 2, with 5 hr of training, shape naming sped up, but was still slower than color naming. Nevertheless, there was symmetrical interference in Phases 3 and 4, and this persisted 3 months later without further training. Experiment 3 replicated this pattern and then extended practice to 20 hr, by which time shape and color naming were equally rapid. After 20 hr, interference appeared only in Phase 3, reversing the original asymmetry. The overall pattern is inconsistent with a simple speed of processing account of interference. The alternative idea of a continuum of automaticity—a direct consequence of training—remains plausible, and the implications of this perspective are considered.